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Assessing the relationship between sex, gender, and hypertension: A federated analysis of European and Canadian Public Health Surveys.
Assessing the relationship between sex, gender, and hypertension: A federated analysis of European and Canadian Public Health Surveys.
Fuente:Medicine
Extracto:
Sex- and
gender-related factors and country should be considered in the prevention and
control of HTN.
Cita:Medicine (Baltimore) 2025 Feb 7; 104 (6) : e41021.
Autor/es:Azizi, Zahra (a) Linder, Simon (b)
institución:(a) Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada. (b) Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE-IMIB-IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Extracto:
To
establish the relation between OC and elevated PRL levels, additional large-scale
population studies are required, with diagnostic and treatment procedures coming
first.
Cita:Medicine (Baltimore) 2025 Feb 7; 104 (6) : e40585.
institución:(a) Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Kaunas, Lithuania. (b) Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Conflicto:The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.
Developing a nomogram for risk prediction of the low T3 syndrome.
Developing a nomogram for risk prediction of the low T3 syndrome.
Fuente:Scientific Reports
Tipo de trabajo:Orientaciones y guía
Extracto:
This nomogram predicting LTS possessed
good discrimination and accuracy, which could provide scientific guidance for
individualized prevention in clinical.
institución:(a) Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anqing Municipal Hospital/Anqing Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China. (b) Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound induces multifaced alterations in chromosome segregation, cytoskeletal filaments and cell junctions.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound induces multifaced alterations in chromosome segregation, cytoskeletal filaments and cell junctions.
Fuente:Scientific Reports
Extracto:
These in vitro
results highlight the different outcomes following the cytogenetic damage and the
resilience response exerted by the cytoskeleton upon mechanical stress, laying
the foundation for future in vivo investigations.
Cita:Sci Rep 2025 Feb 10; 15 (1) : 4964.
Autor/es:Udroiu, Ion (a) Todaro, Federica (b)
institución:(a) Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, Rome, 00146, Italy. (b) Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Assessing HIV transmission knowledge and rapid test history among the general population in Iran.
Assessing HIV transmission knowledge and rapid test history among the general population in Iran.
Fuente:Scientific Reports
Extracto:
These measures are essential for fostering a
well-informed and proactive community in efforts to address HIV/AIDS.
Cita:Sci Rep 2025 Feb 10; 15 (1) : 4944.
Autor/es:Karimi, Keyvan (a) Azizpour, Yosra (b)
institución:(a) Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (b) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Construction of the Single-Cell Landscape of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Tissue and Peripheral Blood by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.
Construction of the Single-Cell Landscape of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Tissue and Peripheral Blood by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.
Fuente:Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
Extracto:
The present study further validated the role of immune cells in the
pathogenesis of HT at the cellular level. In addition, a new cell subset
B_MEF2B_BCL6 was found. It could be speculated that MEF2B mainly transactivates
the expression level of the transcriptional repressor BCL6, leading to the
development of HT. A new cell subset TFC_PAX8_NKX2-1 was also identified, in
which the specific transcription factors PAX8 and NKX2-1 were highly expressed in
HT tissues.
institución:(a) Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China. (b) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Functional evaluation of novel compound heterozygous variants in SLC12A3 of Gitelman syndrome.
Functional evaluation of novel compound heterozygous variants in SLC12A3 of Gitelman syndrome.
Fuente:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
Extracto:
Our study presents the genetic and functional
evidence for the novel compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SLC12A3
that may synergistically cuase GS, and expands the mutation spectrum of SLC12A3
variants in patients with GS.
institución:(a) Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, China. (b) Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.
Conflicto:Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with human research guidelines stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional research ethics committee of Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (No.K20221117). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication...
was obtained from all participants. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
HPV vaccination among young adults in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study.
HPV vaccination among young adults in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study.
Fuente:Bmj Open
Extracto:
The lack of knowledge about benefits of
HPV vaccination contributes to low vaccine uptake, especially occurring among the
male population, must be addressed. Given the number of people who reported not
knowing whether they were vaccinated or not, it is crucial to ensure that there
is a thorough discussion about HPV and the protection the vaccine provides when
presenting for vaccination.
institución:(a) Department of Reproductional Endocrinology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland samia.el-hadad@usz.ch. (b) Department of Reproductional Endocrinology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state are associated with higher in-hospital mortality and morbidity in diabetes patients hospitalized with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, but not within 30 days of readmission.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state are associated with higher in-hospital mortality and morbidity in diabetes patients hospitalized with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, but not within 30 days of readmission.
Fuente:Plos One
Extracto:
The presence of
diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state is associated with
higher odds of mortality, renal failure, cardiogenic shock, and 30-day
readmission in STEMI patients with type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for
enhanced clinical management and monitoring of patients experiencing acute
hyperglycemia.
Clinical risk factors for sarcopenia in acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Clinical risk factors for sarcopenia in acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Fuente:Bmc Gastroenterology
Extracto:
Sarcopenia is
observed in both CP and AP. In addition to traditional risk factors (including
male sex, older age, and decreased subcutaneous fat), CP is independently
associated with sarcopenia. Further investigations are necessary to gain deeper
insights into sarcopenia pathogenesis, which could inform potential intervention
strategies.
institución:(a) Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 West Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Mitchell.Ramsey@osumc.edu. (b) Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes.
Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes.
Fuente:Cardiovascular Diabetology
Extracto:
Associations of
carbohydrate quality parameters with blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, and
fatty liver index differed between diabetes subtypes. However, evidence is too
preliminary to derive subtype-specific recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION:
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093.
Autor/es:Weber, Katharina S (a) Schlesinger, Sabrina (b)
institución:(a) Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany. Katharina.Weber@epi.uni-kiel.de. (b) Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Conflicto:Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study protocol has been approved by the ethics board of Heinrich Heine University. The study is conducted according to the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave written informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interest: A.E.B. is a member of the International Carbohydrate...
Quality Consortium (ICQC), a member of the Scientific committee of the transnational governance of the Nutri-Score system, a member of the Scientific Advisory Council for Agricultural Policy, Nutrition and Consumer Health Protection, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture Germany and a co-author of the popular cookbook “Nordisch abnehmen”. Her research is supported by grants from the German Research Foundation (BU 1807/3-2 & BU 1807/8-1), and the European Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” and from the ERA-NET Cofund HDHL INTIMIC (GA No. 727565 of the EU Horizon 2020 Research and InnovationProgramme). M.R. received fees consulting, lecturing or serving on advisory boards from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Merck-MSD, Madrigal, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal and Target RWE and has performed investigator-initiated research with support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk and Nutricia/Danone to the DDZ. The research of M.R. is supported by grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG; RTG/GRK 2576), the European Community (HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-02-01: Panel A) to the INTERCEPT-T2D consortium, BMG, MKW, BMBF and the Schmutzler-Stiftung. R.W. reports lecture fees from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Eli Lilly. He served on the advisory board for Akcea Therapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly and NovoNordisk. None of these aforementioned relationships/activities are related to the content of this manuscript. J.G., C.H., W.L., K.S.W., S.S., K.S., S.T., and O.P.Z. declare no competing interests.
The AFFIRM Framework for gender-affirming care: qualitative findings from the Transgender and Gender Diverse Health Equity Study.
The AFFIRM Framework for gender-affirming care: qualitative findings from the Transgender and Gender Diverse Health Equity Study.
Fuente:Bmc Public Health
Extracto:
Findings from this study
and the AFFIRM Framework which emerged from TGD patient narratives can be applied
to improve current care and set benchmarks for high-quality gender-affirming care
delivery and practice.
Claves:Health equity, Healthcare quality, LGBT health, Transgender
Cita:BMC Public Health 2025 Feb 6; 25 (1) : 491.
Autor/es:Quint, Meg (a) Bailar, Schuyler (b)
institución:(a) Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. (b) Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Conflicto:Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board. All participants provided informed consent to participate. This research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Belmont Report and the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: Reisner receives royalties from McGraw Hill for co-editing the textbook,...
, “Transgender and Gender Diverse Health Care: The Fenway Guide.”
Global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by high BMI from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2045: analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by high BMI from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2045: analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Fuente:Frontiers in Public Health
Extracto:
Our study reveals that the disease
burden of T2DM caused by high BMI is significantly increasing and is expected to
continue rising in the future. Women bear a heavier burden, particularly
postmenopausal women, and there are significant differences in the disease burden
across different geographical regions, and socioeconomic statuses. Targeted
considerations and specific strategies are essential to address these
disparities, thereby improving public health and reducing the burden.
Claves:deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), global burden of diseases (GBD), high body mass index (high BMI), socio-demographic index (SDI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Cita:Front Public Health 2025; 13 : 1515797.
Autor/es:Huang, Xin (a) Wu, Yanyan (b)
institución:(a) Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China. (b) Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China.
Conflicto:The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
institución:(a) Department of Endocrinology Two, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China. (b) Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Conflicto:The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The role of activated partial thrombin time in mediating the impact of poorly glycemic control on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The role of activated partial thrombin time in mediating the impact of poorly glycemic control on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Fuente:Frontiers in Endocrinology
Extracto:
In patients with
T2DM, uncontrolled HbA1c and shorter APTT emerges as risk factors for DPN.
Additionally, the effect of increased HbA1c upon DPN, especially for influenced
conduction velocities of sensory fibers in both the ulnar nerve and sural nerve
may partly medicated by decreased APTT.
Claves:activated partial thrombin time, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hyperglycemia, nerve conduction velocity, type 2 diabetes mellitus
institución:(a) Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China. (b) Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Conflicto:The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation.
The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation.
Fuente:Plos One
Extracto:
In a nationwide cohort of patients with T2D and AF, SGLT2
inhibitor was associated with a lower risk of mortality, which may suggest that
SGLT2 inhibitors may be considered as the first-line antidiabetic medication in
patients with T2D and AF.
Cita:PLoS One 2025; 20 (2) : e0314454.
Autor/es:Cho, Yongin (a) Shin, Sung-Hee (b)
institución:(a) Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. (b) Department of Cardiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Personalized prediction of glycemic responses to food in women with diet-treated gestational diabetes: the role of the gut microbiota.
Personalized prediction of glycemic responses to food in women with diet-treated gestational diabetes: the role of the gut microbiota.
Fuente:Npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
Extracto:
Although
microbiome features were important, their contribution to model performance was
modest.
Cita:NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2025 Feb 7; 11 (1) : 25.
Autor/es:Popova, Polina V (a) Isakov, Artem O (b)
institución:(a) World-Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia. pvpopova5@gmail.com. (b) Institute of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia. pvpopova5@gmail.com.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Association of baseline and trajectory of triglyceride-glucose index with the incidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Association of baseline and trajectory of triglyceride-glucose index with the incidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Fuente:Cardiovascular Diabetology
Extracto:
Increased
baseline levels and long-term trajectory of TyG index are associated with an
increased incidence of CAN. Intensive glycemic therapy might influence the
association between the trajectory of TyG index and the chance of developing CAN.
Claves:Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, Diabetes, Trajectory, Triglyceride-glucose index
Cita:Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025 Feb 7; 24 (1) : 66.
Autor/es:Huang, Qiong (a) Nan, Wenbin (b)
institución:(a) Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China. (b) National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Predicting cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by combining risk factor trajectories and machine learning algorithm
Predicting cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by combining risk factor trajectories and machine learning algorithm
Fuente:Cardiovascular Diabetology
Tipo de trabajo:Estudio de cohortes
Extracto:
The ML-CVD-C model, incorporating
dynamic cardiovascular risk trajectories and a machine learning algorithm,
significantly improves risk prediction accuracy for Chinese patients with
diabetes. This model may serve as a valuable tool for more personalized
cardiovascular risk management in type 2 diabetes.
Claves:Machine learning, Risk prediction, Trajectories, Type 2 diabetes
Cita:Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025 Feb 7; 24 (1) : 61.
Autor/es:Huang, Qi (a) Zou, Xiantong (b)
institución:(a) Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China. (b) Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación
Defining patient-reported outcomes in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease for clinical practice guidelines - perspectives of the taskforce of the Guideline Workshop.
Defining patient-reported outcomes in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease for clinical practice guidelines - perspectives of the taskforce of the Guideline Workshop.
Fuente:Cardiovascular Diabetology
Extracto:
The Taskforce of the Guideline Workshop discussed PROs
in diabetes, obesity, CVD and CKD as well as the relevance of their inclusion in
clinical practice guidelines for the management of these conditions.
institución:(a) Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. (b) Spotlight-AQ Ltd, Fareham, UK.
Conflicto:Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: Katharine Barnard-Kelly is founder and shareholder at Spotlight-AQ Ltd. KBK has received research support from Dexcom, Embecta, JDRF, Novo Nordisk and Roche Diabetes Care, and honoraria from Sanofi. Tadej Battelino has served on the advisory boards of Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dreamed Diabetes, Eli Lilly...
and Company, Indigo Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. TB has received speaker’s bureau honoraria from Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and Sanofi. The University Medical Center has received research grant support from Abbott, GluSense, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sandoz, Sanofi, and Zealand Pharma. Frank C. Brosius is a consultant for MAKSCIENTIFIC. Antonio Ceriello reports consulting and speaking for Bayer, Berlin-Chemie, Eli Lilly and Company, Guidotti, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Sanofi. Francesco Cosentino has nothing reported. Julian Elliott has nothing reported. James R. Gavin III has served on the advisory boards of Abbott Diabetes Care and Embecta, and on the speaker’s bureaus of Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company. Francesco Giorgino has served on the advisory boards of AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi and as a consultant to AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, LifeScan, Medimmune, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche Diabetes Care and Sanofi. FG has also received research support from Eli Lilly and Company and Roche Diabetes Care. Jennifer Green has nothing reported. Linong Ji declares that he has no competing interests. Monika Kellerer has served on advisory boards of Abbott Diabetes Care, Astra Zeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, NovoNordisk and Sanofi. Sue Koob has nothing reported. Mikhail Kosiborod reports consulting or advisory board participation for 35Pharma, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Dexcom, Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion Therapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Merck (Diabetes and Cardiovascular), Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, scPharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Structure Therapeutics, Vifor Pharma and Youngene Therapeutics. MK has also received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk, and research grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer. Nebojsa Lalic declares that he has no competing interests. Nikolaus Marx has received research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and MSD, speaking fees form Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis and has served or serves on the advisory board of Amgen, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis. Prashant Nedungadi has nothing reported. Christopher G. Parkin has nothing reported. Helena W. Rodbard declares that she has no competing interests. René D. Rötzer is employee of Sciarc GmbH. Lars Rydén declares that he has no competing interests related to this work. Wayne Sheu has nothing reported. Eberhard Standl declares that he has no competing interests. Britta Tendal Jeppesen declares that she has no competing interests. Pinar Topsever has received honoraria or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and LifeScan, and has served on the speaker’s bureau for AstraZeneca. PT received grant/research support from PCDE, made possible by corporate sponsorship from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Roche Diagnostics; the sponsors had no input into the study protocols. Per Olav Vandvik has nothing reported. Christoph Wanner received honoraria for steering committee and adboard participation as well as lecturing from Alexion, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli-Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. Oliver Schnell is founder and CEO at Sciarc GmbH, Baierbrunn, Germany.
