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ECOCARDIOGRAFIA DE ESTRES

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La ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico, ya sea con dipiridamol o con dobutamina, es efectiva para la predicción del fallecimiento por causas cardíacas durante el seguimiento a largo plazo.
sicariro9.jpg Autor:
Eugenio Picano
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology Pisa, Italy


Artículos publicados por Eugenio Picano
Recepción del artículo
4 de Agosto, 2004
Aprobación
11 de Agosto, 2004
Primera edición
25 de Abril, 2005
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La ecocardiografía de estrés es una técnica establecida, costo-efectiva, para la detección de la enfermedad coronaria. El propósito de este estudio fue estimar el valor a largo plazo de la ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico, con dipiridamol o con dobutamina, para la predicción de mortalidad en los pacientes con enfermedad coronaria demostrada o sospechada. Seleccionados de la base de datos de EPIC-EDIC, 7 333 pacientes (5 452 varones; 59 ± 10 años), fueron sometidos a ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico con altas dosis de dipiridamol (0.84 mg/kg durante 10 min) (n = 4 984) o de dobutamina (hasta 40 mcg/kg/3 min) (n = 2349) con propósitos diagnósticos. Los pacientes fueron seguidos por un tiempo promedio de 2.6 años (de 1 a 206 meses). La ecocardiografía con dipiridamol fue positiva para isquemia miocárdica en 2 854 (35%) y negativa en 4 479 (61%) pacientes. La mortalidad total fue de 336 (4.5%) pacientes. La muerte se atribuyó a causas cardíacas en 161 pacientes (2.1%). Las estimaciones de supervivencia mostraron un resultado considerablemente mejor en aquellos pacientes con ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico negativa, en comparación con aquellos con esta prueba positiva (92 vs. 71.2%; p = 0.0000). La supervivencia fue mayor entre los pacientes con ecocardiografía con dipiridamol negativa que no estaban recibiendo tratamiento, y fue menor entre los pacientes con ecocardiografía con dipiridamol positiva y que estaban en tratamiento (95% vs. 81; p = 0.0000). La supervivencia fue comparable entre los pacientes con prueba negativa y que recibían tratamiento y los pacientes con prueba positiva y sin tratamiento (88% vs. 84%; p = ns). La ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico, ya sea con dipiridamol o con dobutamina, es efectiva para la predicción de mortalidad durante el seguimiento a largo plazo. El resultado negativo en la prueba de ecocardiografía de estrés se relaciona con un desenlace clínico favorable. La terapia antiisquémica en curso en el momento de la prueba, regula de manera importante el valor pronóstico de la ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico. En presencia de terapia antiisquémica concomitante, una prueba positiva representa peor pronóstico y una prueba negativa un pronóstico no muy bueno.

Palabras clave
Diagnóstico, dipiridamol, ejercicio, ecocardiografía de estrés, enfermedad coronaria, Ecocardiografía de estrés farmacológico, pronóstico, terapia antianginosa


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-11.42 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Stress echocardiography is an established cost-effective technique for the detection of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term value of pharmacologic stress echocardiography with either dipyridamole or dobutamine for prediction of death in patients with proven or suspected coronary artery disease. From the EPIC-EDIC Data Bank 7 333 patients (5 452 males; 59 ± 10 years) underwent pharmacologic stress echocardiography with either high dose dipyridamole (0.84 mg/kg over 10’) (n = 4 984) or high dose dobutamine (up to 40 mcg/kg/3’) (n = 2 349) (DET) for diagnostic purposes. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 2.6 years (range 1 to 206 months). DET was positive for myocardial ischemia in 2 854 (35%) and negative in 4 479 (61%) patients. The total mortality was 336 (4.5%). Death was attributed to cardiac causes in 161 patients (2.1%). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed a significant better outcome for those patients with negative pharmacological stress echocardiography test compared to those with a positive test (92 vs. 71.2%; p = 0.0000). Survival was highest in patients with negative DET off therapy, and lowest in patients with positive DET studied on therapy (95% vs. 81; p = 0.0000). Survival was comparable in patients with negative test on and in patients with positive test off therapy (88% vs. 84%; p = ns). Pharmacologic stress echocardiography either with dipyridamole or dobutamine is effective in predicting death during a long-term follow-up. A negative stress echocardiography test result is related with a favorable outcome. Ongoing antiischemic therapy at the time of testing heavily modulates the prognostic value of pharmacologic stress echo. In presence of concomitant anti-ischemic therapy, a positive test is more prognostically malignant, and a negative test less prognostically benign.

Key words
Diagnosis, dipyridamole, exercise, stress echocardiography, coronary artery disease, Pharmacologic stress echocardiography, prognosis, antinaginal therapy


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Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
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Especialidades
Principal: Cardiología, Diagnóstico por Imágenes
Relacionadas: Medicina Interna, Medicina Nuclear



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Picano, Eugenio
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
El apoyo financiero para el presente estudio fue proporcionado por el Instituto de Fisiología Clínica, CNR , Pisa, Italia.
Bibliografía del artículo
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