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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFYING BRAIN ATROPHY IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER
Clinical characteristics that may identify bipolar patients at high risk for developing brain atrophy in late life remain undiscovered. Forty-four bipolar I patients aged beyond 60 years were recruited in this study. Thirty-three of them had brain atrophy on structural magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T. The positive history of rapid cycling and lower hemoglobin levels during affective episodes provided the greatest predictive validity for brain atrophy.
SMOKELESS TOBACCO BUT NOT "HARMLESS"
Smokeless tobacco is a major etiological agent of many potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. It exhibits various early signs and symptoms which need to be understood and diagnosed at an early stage, much before the debilitating disease has taken its course. It is the duty of the clinician to identify the disease using various diagnostic adjuncts and intervene at the appropriate stage of the disease to make the society a disease free society.