REDEFINING THE CAUSE FOR THE PERSISTENT INFECTION OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH.
Aim: To address the cause of persistent infection of root canal treated teeth. Materials and Methods: 60 human single-rooted teeth divided into three groups. Group I (control group): no access opening and one-third of the apical root sealed using varnish. Group II: no preparation of teeth samples. In group III, apical root cementum was exposed to lactic acid and roughened using diamond point to mimic apical resorption. In group II & III E. faecalis broth was inoculated in the root canals and apical one-third of the tooth was immersed in the broth for 8 weeks with alternate day refreshment followed by biomechanical preparation, obturation and coronal seal. Apical one-third of all teeth samples were again immersed in the broth for 8 weeks to mimic secondary infection. The teeth were split into two halves and observed under confocal microscope. Results: E. faecalis penetrated 160 μm deep into the root cementum in group III samples and only showed adhesion in group II samples. Conclusion: Adhesion and Penetration of E. faecalis into the cementum could be the reason for persistent infection.

Rahul Halkai
Kalaburgi(gulbarga), In

  

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  BONDING TO ENAMEL WITH ETHANOL-WET BONDING TECHNIQUE
Ethanol-wet bonding is a novel bonding technique aimed to improve quality of hybrid layers. Hence, effects of ethanol wet bonding on resin enamel bonds in the present study. It was found that ethanol-wet bonding improved resin-enamel bond strength of the tested adhesives.

Muhammet Ayar
Trabzon, Tr

  

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  MATUROGÉNESIS EXITOSA POR EXCAVACIÓN PROGRESIVA CON CEMENTO CEM
El tratamiento indirecto de la pulpa, en la pulpa expuesta, con material biológico regenerativo, como el cemento CEM, debería evaluarse en estudios futuros.

Saeed Asgary
Teherán, Irán

        

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  MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTITIS RELATED HALITOSIS AMONG ADULTS
Halitosis can be referred to as bad or foul breath, breath malodor, oral malodor, and fetor oris. Halitosis is often caused by periodontal diseases and/or tongue coating and patients with periodontitis were at higher risk for halitosis. the effect of non-surgical management of periodontitis on controlling halitosis (oral malodor) measured by Halimeter detection than healthy individuals.

Hossam Eid
Ajman, Ae

  

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  GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID: A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS
ELISA is the most commonly used test for screening HIV patients. Generally it is found that people are scared of pricking injections, reluctant to give blood sample (quantity), think about cost effectiveness and also causes disturbances their social life. In the present era investigators are searching for alternative to serological testing. Recently it is proved that oral fluids testing can be used as an alternative to blood testing. New investigational devices are introduced like Orasure and others which collects the oral saliva, oral mucosal transudate. In the present study we used calibrated 5 µl disposable microcapillaries so that the uncontaminated gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is obtained. According to Goodson the IgG content of GCF in periodontal pocket is approximately 100 times more than found in saliva and is now widely appreciated that GCF is formed as blood ultrafiltrate. In this study we studied many parameters and reached to the conclusion that GCF can also be of choice instead of serum because of non-invasivensess, painless, low cost effective, less sample, easy collection, safer disposal and better for clinicians because of patients better compliance. The above findings suggestive of GCF being better alternative and better diagnostic medium than serum and saliva so it can be used for detection of HIV.

Prachi Atram
Amravati, In

     

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