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COMPARACIONES Y RESULTADOS CLINICOS EN EL CANCER DE MAMA: TAMOXIFENO E INHIBIDORES DE LA AROMATASA ADYUVANTES

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Revisión de las diversas estrategias farmacológicas disponibles en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, a través del análisis de la eficacia de los distintas terapias neoadyuvantes con los inhibidores de la aromatasa en comparación con la utilización del tamoxifeno.
mdixon9.jpg Autor:
J. michael Dixon
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Edinburgh Breast Unit Western General Hospital


Artículos publicados por J. michael Dixon
Coautores
E. Jane Macaskill*  Juliette Jackson*  Lorna Renshaw**  William R. Miller*** 
MBChB, MRCS. Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital*
RGN. Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital**
BSc, PhD, DSc. Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital***
Recepción del artículo
11 de Enero, 2005
Aprobación
17 de Enero, 2005
Primera edición
24 de Noviembre, 2005
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La terapia hormonal neoadyuvante en las pacientes posmenopáusicas con cáncer mamario positivo para los receptores estrogénicos (ER) o de progesterona (PgR), ya sean tumores grandes y resecables o con enfermedad local avanzada, es una opción terapéutica efectiva y segura a la quimioterapia. Los ensayos aleatorizados demostraron que la tasa de respuesta obtenida con el inhibidor de la aromatasa letrozol es mayor que con tamoxifeno. La incidencia y la capacidad de retrogradar el estadio tumoral (downstaging) es superior con el letrozol y el anastrozol que con el tamoxifeno. Los tumores de cualquier nivel de ER parecen responder mejor al letrozol que al tamoxifeno, pero los que poseen niveles de ER bajos solamente responden al letrozol y no al tamoxifeno. Aquellas mujeres que expresen los niveles más altos de ER (Allred 7 y 8) serán quienes más se beneficien con la terapia adyuvante, obteniéndose así las mayores reducciones del tamaño tumoral. Tanto el letrozol como el anastrozol parecen ser más efectivos que el tamoxifeno en los cánceres de mama positivos para el HER2. Para determinar si un tumor responderá a la terapia son necesarios tres meses de tratamiento. La tasa de recurrencia anual es menor al 1% tras la cirugía mamaria conservadora y la radioterapia posteriores a la retrogradación del estadio tumoral con la terapia endocrina neoadyuvante.

Palabras clave
Neoadyuvante, tamoxifeno, inhibidores de la aromatasa, cáncer de mama


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Abstract
Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for post menopausal patients with oestrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PgR) positive large operable or locally advanced breast cancer is an effective and safe alternative to chemotherapy. Randomised trials have demonstrated that the response rate with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is greater than with tamoxifen. The incidence and degree of downstaging is greater with both letrozole and anastrozole than with tamoxifen. Tumours at all levels of ER appear to respond better to letrozole than tamoxifen, but at low levels of ER responses are seen only with letrozole and not with tamoxifen. Patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy and those who achieve the greatest reduction in tumour volume are those patients whose tumours express high levels of ER (Allred category scores 7 and 8). Both letrozole and anastrozole appear more effective than tamoxifen in HER2 positive breast cancers. Three months of treatment is adequate to determine if a tumour will respond. Following breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy after down staging with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, the annual local recurrence rate is less than 1%.

Key words
Neoadjuvant, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, breast cancer


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Clasificación en siicsalud
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página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Oncología
Relacionadas: Farmacología, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna, Obstetricia y Ginecología



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Bibliografía del artículo
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