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HEMOSTASIA Y ANGIOGENESIS EN CANCER: POSIBLE NUEVO PAPEL DE LA INTERLEUQUINA 6

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La información en conjunto indica que la interleuquina 6 es esencial en varios procesos que intervienen en la progresión tumoral.
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Coautores
Peter Vermeulen*  Luc Y. Dirix** 
MD, PhD. Department of Pathology, AZ. ST.-Augustinus Hospital, Oosterveldlaan 24-26. 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.*
MD, PhD, Oncology Center, AZ. ST.-Augustinus Hospital, Oosterveldlaan 24-26 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium**
Recepción del artículo
5 de Febrero, 2004
Primera edición
7 de Julio, 2004
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Las complicaciones tromboembólicas a menudo se asocian con mayor mortalidad y morbilidad en pacientes con cáncer. Existen indicios de que la activación intratumoral de la coagulación tiene propiedades que promueven el crecimiento de la neoplasia. La fibrinólisis es una parte importante del remodelamiento del estroma. La fibrina es degradada por la plasmina derivada del tumor en fragmentos, entre los cuales los D-dímeros motivan el mayor interés. Estudiamos en 96 pacientes con cáncer de mama los niveles circulantes de D-dímeros. Su concentración se correlacionó en forma positiva con la carga tumoral, el número de sitios metastásicos, la cinética de progresión y las citoquinas liberadas durante la angiogénesis: VEGF sérico, carga calculada de VEGF en plaquetas y concentración sérica de interleuquina (IL) 6. En un estudio posterior medimos los factores angiogénicos circulantes, VEGF-A, IL-6 y el fragmento D-dímero de fibrina en el drenaje venoso de tumores en 21 pacientes con cáncer. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la IL-6, pero no el VEGF, deriva del tumor. En la línea celular megacarioblástica MEG-01, la expresión de VEGF-A estuvo regulada por la IL-6. Por ende, la mayor carga plaquetaria de VEGF-A que se asocia con mayor concentración sérica de VEGF en pacientes con cáncer puede ser en parte consecuencia de la mayor expresión inducida por IL-6 en los precursores plaquetarios, como megacariocitos. Posteriormente confirmamos que las plaquetas se agregan y se adhieren al endotelio tumoral. Proponemos que la IL-6 promueve en forma indirecta la angiogénesis del tumor a través de la estimulación de la producción de VEGF-A en plaquetas. Además, la correlación encontrada entre la IL-6, fibrinógeno y D-dímeros en sangre venosa periférica y la concentración elevada de D-dímero en venas de drenaje tumoral sugiere una importante contribución de la IL-6 en el metabolismo extravascular del fibrinógeno. Nuestras observaciones sugieren un papel crucial de la IL-6 en la conexión intrínseca entre hemostasia y angiogénesis.

Palabras clave
Cáncer, D-dímeros, hemostasia, IL-6, VEGF


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Abstract
Thromboembolic complications are often associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Considerable evidence exists that intra-tumoural activation of coagulation provides growth-promoting properties to the neoplasm. Fibrinolysis is an active part of stromal remodelling. Fibrin is degraded by tumour-derived plasmin in fragments, of which D-dimers recently spurred most interest. We analysed in 96 patients with breast cancer the levels of circulating D-Dimers. D-dimer levels were positively correlated with tumour load, number of metastatic sites, progression kinetics and the cytokines related to angiogenesis: serum VEGF, calculated VEGF load in platelets and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6). In a further study we measured the circulating angiogenic factors VEGF-A, IL-6 and the fibrin D-dimer fragment in the draining veins of tumours in 21 cancer patients. Our data suggest that IL-6, but not serum VEGF is tumour-derived. In the megakaryoblastic cell line MEG-01, the expression of VEGF-A was regulated by IL-6. Thus, the higher platelet VEGF-A load resulting in higher serum VEGF levels in cancer patients may partly result from an IL-6 mediated upregulation of the expression of VEGF-A in the precursor of the platelet, i.e. the megakaryocyte. We further confirmed that platelets adhere and aggregate on tumour endothelium. We propose that IL-6 indirectly promotes tumour angiogenesis through its upregulation of the VEGF-A load in platelets. In addition, the correlations found between peripheral venous IL-6 and peripheral venous fibrinogen and D-dimers levels, and the high D-dimer levels found in the draining vein of the tumours suggest an important contribution for IL-6 in extravascular fibrinogen metabolism. Our results suggest a pivotal role for IL-6 in the intrinsic link between haemostasis and angiogenesis.

Key words
Cancer, D-dimers, haemostasis, IL-6, VEGF


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Clasificación en siicsalud
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Especialidades
Principal: Oncología
Relacionadas: Farmacología, Hematología, Inmunología, Medicina Interna



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Bibliografía del artículo
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