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INTERACCION DE LEPTINA Y GRELINA

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La ingesta de alimentos está regulada por un sistema de control inmediato que transmite información entre el estómago y los centros hipotalámicos. La grelina dentro de este sistema es algo más sofisticada de lo que antes se creía y requiere un análisis más detallado.
Autor:
Johannes Erdmann
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por Johannes Erdmann
Recepción del artículo
25 de Febrero, 2007 		Aprobación
8 de Mayo, 2007
Primera edición
2 de Octubre, 2007 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

INTERACCION DE LEPTINA Y GRELINA

Resumen
La ingesta de alimentos está regulada por un sistema de control inmediato que transmite información entre el estómago y los centros hipotalámicos de regulación de la alimentación, principalmente a través de fibras aferentes vagales nerviosas para la saciedad y mediante la transmisión de señales hormonales de la grelina para la recurrencia del apetito y el hambre. Este sistema inmediato se encuentra bajo control tónico de la leptina derivada de los adipocitos como indicador del estado nutricional del organismo. En los individuos obesos la leptina plasmática es más alta en comparación con los individuos de peso normal. Esto se asocia con concentraciones más bajas de grelina, lo que sugiere que el asa de retroalimentación negativa para reducir la ingesta de alimento en el caso de reservas suficientes de energía está intacta. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico diferencial de la relación inversa entre leptina y grelina sugiere que el efecto inhibidor de la leptina está restringido a hombres normales y con sobrepeso. En las mujeres y en los individuos obesos de ambos sexos existe esta relación inversa. Estos hallazgos indican que la posición de la grelina dentro del sistema de control de la ingesta de alimentos es algo más sofisticada de lo que antes se creía y requiere un análisis más detallado.

Palabras clave
grelina, leptina, resistencia a la insulina, obesidad


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Interaction Between Leptin and Ghrelin As Part of Tonic Control of Food Intake

Abstract
Food intake is regulated by an acute control system that conveys information between the stomach and hypothalamic centres of feeding regulation mainly via neural vagal afferent fibers for satiety and via hormonal signal transmission by ghrelin for recurrence of appetite and hunger. This acute system is under tonic control by adipocyte-derived leptin as an indicator of the nutritional status of the organism. In obese subjects plasma leptin is higher compared to normal weight subjects (NW). This is associated with lower ghrelin levels suggesting that the negative feedback loop to reduce food intake in the case of sufficient energy reserves is intact. A differential analysis of the inverse relationship between leptin and ghrelin, however, suggests an inhibitory effect of leptin is restricted to male normal and overweight subjects. In females and obese subjects of both genders this inverse relationship does exist. These findings indicate that the position of ghrelin within the control system of food intake is somewhat more sophisticated than previously thought and it requires more detailed analysis.

Key words
ghrelin, leptin, insulin-resistance, obesity


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Especialidades
Principal: Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Nutrición
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Farmacología, Gastroenterología, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Volker Schusdziarra, Technical University of Munich Else-Kröner-Fresenius Center of Nutritional Medicine , D-81675, Ismaninger Straße 22, Munich, Alemania
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