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INCIDENCIA, MORTALIDAD Y FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA EL CANCER HEPATICO

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
El artículo es una revisión bibliográfica de la epidemiología del cáncer hepático a nivel mundial. Se describe la incidencia y la mortalidad por cáncer hepático según áreas geográficas, así como los factores de riesgo más importantes asociados a este tumor.
ribes9.jpg Autor:
Josepa Ribes puig
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Server d´ Epidemiología i Registre del Càncer, Institut Català d´ Oncología. IDIBELL

Artículos publicados por Josepa Ribes puig
Coautores
Ramon Clèries* Laura Esteban* F Xavier Bosch* 
Server d´ Epidemiología i Registre del Càncer, Institut Català d´ Oncología. IDIBELL, Barcelona, España*
Recepción del artículo
20 de Julio, 2006 		Aprobación
10 de Agosto, 2006
Primera edición
18 de Diciembre, 2006 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

INCIDENCIA, MORTALIDAD Y FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA EL CANCER HEPATICO

Resumen
El cáncer hepático (CH) es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes en el mundo y la primera que puede prevenirse mediante vacunación contra un virus, el de la hepatitis B, y la detección sistemática del virus de la hepatitis C en la sangre y sus derivados. A nivel mundial, en 2002 se diagnosticaron 626 162 casos nuevos de CH. Las áreas geográficas de mayor prevalencia de CH corresponden al sudeste asiático y a algunos países del centro oeste de Africa; las de baja prevalencia, al norte de Europa, Australia, Nueva Zelanda y la población caucásica de América. La incidencia de CH en las áreas de alta prevalencia es 2 a 3 veces mayor que en las de baja prevalencia. Esta variabilidad geográfica sugiere que determinados factores ambientales juegan un papel importante en la etiología de este tumor. El riesgo atribuible de CH en pacientes con infección por los virus de las hepatitis B y C es del 80%. El consumo de alcohol, la ingesta de aflatoxinas y los anticonceptivos orales pueden explicar parte de la variación residual en la incidencia del CH. Otros factores emergentes asociados al CH, como la obesidad y la diabetes, también pueden desempeñar un papel importante en los países desarrollados.

Palabras clave
cáncer hepático, incidencia, mortalidad, virus de la hepatitis B, virus de la hepatitis C


Artículo completo
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LIVER CANCER: INCIDENCE, MORTALITY AND RISK FACTORS

Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide and the first that can be prevented by vaccination against hepatitis B virus, and the screening of hepatitis C virus in blood and its derivatives. During the year 2002, it has been estimated that there were 626 162 new cases of LC diagnosed worldwide. The high risk areas for LC are located in Southeastern Asia and in some Central and Western African countries, whereas low risk areas are located in Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the Caucasian population of America. LC incidence in high risk countries is between 2 and 3-fold higher than that of the low-risk countries. This geographical variability suggests that some environmental factors play an important role in the etiology of this tumor. The attributable risk of hepatitis B and C virus is about 80%. Alcohol consumption, aflatoxins and oral contraceptives could partially explain the residual variability of the LC incidence. Other emerging factors associated to LC, such as obesity and diabetes, might also play an important role in developed countries.

Key words
liver cancer, incidence, mortality, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Oncología
Relacionadas: Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Epidemiología, Gastroenterología, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Josepa Ribes Puig, Server d'Epidemiología i Registre del Càncer, Institut Català d´ Oncología. IDIBELL, 08907, Gran Via s/n, km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
El proyecto ha sido parcialmente financiado con la ayuda del Instituto de Salud de Carlos III del gobierno de España (C03/09, C03/10).
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