RESUMEN Y ACTUALIZACION DEL ARTICULO “VACUNAS CONTRA ESTUPEFACIENTES: ¿UNA OPCION TERAPEUTICA VIABLE”

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Es necesario disponer de normas éticas antes de que los tratamientos con vacunas o anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra diferentes estupefacientes pasen a formar parte de la práctica médica cotidiana.
kantak9.jpg Autor:
Kathleen m. Kantak
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Boston University


Artículos publicados por Kathleen m. Kantak
Recepción del artículo
9 de Agosto, 2005
Aprobación
26 de Agosto, 2005
Primera edición
16 de Marzo, 2006
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
A partir de la publicación del artículo de revisión “Vacunas dirigidas contra los estupefacientes: ¿una opción terapéutica viable”, aparecido en 2003, han surgido nuevos datos, ideas y abordajes. Este trabajo aporta un resumen del artículo publicado en la revista Drugs y una actualización acerca de los datos más nuevos desde que se publicara la mencionada revisión. Diversos estupefacientes han sido blanco de la inmunoterapia, como la cocaína, la nicotina, la fenciclidina, la metamfetamina y la heroína. Las vacunas contra la cocaína y la nicotina progresaron a ensayos clínicos de fase II, basados en el éxito de los estudios clínicos de fase I y de los preclínicos. Los resultados iniciales son alentadores pero aún persiste el problema sobre la variabilidad de las concentraciones séricas de los anticuerpos. Se ha descrito una nueva vacuna contra la heroína –que utiliza un transportador proteico novedoso– y apropiada para su empleo en seres humanos. Esta vacuna es capaz de inducir una respuesta inmune diez veces mayor que la vacuna contra estupefacientes más inmunogénica existente en la actualidad. Con esta nueva proteína transportadora, el problema que produce la repuesta variable a los anticuerpos podría ser superado. Otros abordajes como los anticuerpos monoclonales humanizados para potenciar la inmunidad pasiva contra un estupefaciente y las partículas de bacteriófagos obtenidas mediante bioingeniería que se unen al estupefaciente en el cerebro en vez de la circulación sistémica se agregan a la lista de las nuevas ideas para el tratamiento de personas vacunadas con concentraciones séricas bajas de anticuerpos.

Palabras clave
Vacunas, abuso de drogas, inmunoterapia, pruebas preclínicas, pruebas clínicas


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-6.92 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Since the review article “Vaccines against drugs of abuse: a viable treatment option” appeared in 2003, several new data, ideas and approaches have emerged. This article provides a summary of the Drugs article and an update on “what’s new” since its publication. A number of drugs of abuse have been targeted for immunotherapy, including cocaine, nicotine, phencyclidine, methamphetamine and heroin. Vaccines for cocaine and nicotine have progressed to phase 2 clinical trials, based on the success of preclinical and phase 1 clinical testing. Early results are encouraging, but the problem of variable serum antibody concentrations remains. A new heroin vaccine has been described that uses a novel carrier protein appropriate for use in humans and capable of inducing an immune response that is at least 10-fold greater than the most immunogenic drug abuse vaccine to date. With this novel carrier protein, the problem of a variable antibody response may be overcome. Other approaches such as humanized monoclonal antibodies to passively boost immunity against a drug of abuse and engineered bacteriophage particles that bind the drug of abuse in the brain rather than the bloodstream add to the list of new ideas for treating vaccinated individuals with low serum antibody concentrations.

Key words
Vaccines, drug abuse, immunotherapy, preclinical testing, clinical testing


Full text
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Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Inmunología, Toxicología
Relacionadas: Farmacología, Medicina Interna, Salud Mental, Salud Pública



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Bibliografía del artículo
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Título español
Resumen
 Palabras clave
 Bibliografía
 Artículo completo
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 Autoevaluación
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 Especialidades

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