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NUEVAS ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO DE DROGAS ANTITUBERCULOSAS

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
El resurgimiento global de la TBC y la rápida emergencia de la variedad resistente a múltiples drogas y su asociación con el HIV subrayan la importancia de la creación de drogas antituberculosas nuevas más efectivas, sin resistencia cruzada y de bajo costo.
tomioka9.jpg Autor:
Haruaki Tomioka
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shimane University School of Medicine

Artículos publicados por Haruaki Tomioka
Recepción del artículo
27 de Abril, 2005 		Aprobación
10 de Mayo, 2005
Primera edición
2 de Febrero, 2006 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

NUEVAS ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO DE DROGAS ANTITUBERCULOSAS

Resumen
Debido a que la tuberculosis constituye un problema sanitario mundial, al aumento del tipo resistente a múltiples drogas y a la elevada tasa de coinfección con el HIV, urge la necesidad de crear nuevas y más potentes drogas antituberculosas sin resistencia cruzada con los antimicobacterianos conocidos. En este artículo se tratan los siguientes tópicos. En primer lugar, se discute la obtención de los nuevos fármacos antituberculosos en función de los blancos farmacológicos potenciales. A través de la información estratégica proveniente del estudio del genoma completo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, en un futuro cercano se hará posible la creación de un fármaco que relacione cuantitativamente su estructura y actividad. En segundo lugar, se debate la utilidad de las nuevas tecnologías relacionadas con los liposomas y las microesferas, que permiten una provisión adecuada del fármaco a su sitio de acción en los pacientes tuberculosos. Tercero, describo la inmunoterapia complementaria para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, a través de la administración de inmunomoduladores como las citoquinas potenciadoras del sistema inmune (IFN-γ, IL-2, etc.), los inhibidores del FNT-α, ATP y Mycobacterium vaccae inactivado por calor en combinación con fármacos tuberculostáticos. La inmunoterapia es promisoria para el desarrollo de nuevos tipos de regímenes antituberculosos asociados a quimioterapias antimicrobianas.

Palabras clave
Drogas antituberculosas, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, blancos farmacológicos, biodisponibilidad del fármaco, inmunoterapia


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NEW STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ANTITUBERCULOUS DRUGS

Abstract
Because of the global health problems of tuberculosis (TB), the increasing rate of multidrug-resistant TB and the high rate of a co-infection with HIV, the development of potent new antituberculous drugs without cross-resistance with known antimycobacterial agents is urgently needed. This article deals with the following areas. First, the future development of new antitubercular drugs is discussed according to the potential pharmacological targets. Using new critical information on the whole genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug development using quantitative structure-activity relationship may be possible in the near future. Second, the usefulness of liposome and microsphere technologies that enable efficacious drug delivery to their target in TB patients is discussed. Third, I describe adjunctive immunotherapy for the management of TB patients by giving certain immunomodulators, such as immunopotentiating cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 etc.), TNF-α inhibitors, ATP, and heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae, in combination with antituberculous drugs. Immunotherapy using these adjunctive agents is promising for development of new types of anti-TB regimens in combination with antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Key words
Antituberculous drugs, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug targets, bioinformatics, drug delivery, immunotherapy


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Especialidades
Principal: Farmacología, Infectología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Inmunología, Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna, Neumonología



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