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MICOBACTERIAS NO TUBERCULOSAS RECIENTEMENTE RECONOCIDAS EN HUMANOS

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Los avances en las técnicas de reconocimiento de microorganismos han permitido identificar y diferenciar especies de micobacterias no tuberculosas de importancia clínica en los adultos.
brownelli9.jpg Autor:
Barbara Brown-elliott
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por Barbara Brown-elliott
Coautor
Richard. Wallace Jr.MD.* 
The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler*
Recepción del artículo
10 de Diciembre, 2003 		Primera edición
23 de Abril, 2004 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

MICOBACTERIAS NO TUBERCULOSAS RECIENTEMENTE RECONOCIDAS EN HUMANOS

Resumen
Históricamente, la taxonomía de las micobacterias no tuberculosas (MNT) ha dependido del agrupamiento de organismos basado en caracterizaciones fenotípicas, ensayos de homología ADN-ADN, y estudios quimiotaxonómicos que analizan los ácido micólicos y los ácidos grasos a través de métodos que incluyen la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución, la cromatografía gas-líquido y la cromatografía de capa fina. Desafortunadamente, hay pocos laboratorios equipados como para poder realizar estos estudios. Sin embargo, durante las últimas dos décadas, la comparación de la relación de las secuencias genéticas del ARNr 16S se ha transformado en el estándar para la identificación de nuevas especies. La facilidad con que se la puede realizar y comparar con especies establecidas en bases de datos públicas produjo gran incremento en el número de especies de MNT. Cada año se detectan nuevas especies, y actualmente el número de MNT es de casi 100. El presente artículo resume algunas características clínicas y de laboratorio sobresalientes de las especies recientemente descritas.

Palabras clave
Recientemente reconocidas, emergentes, no tuberculoso, micobacteria.


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Recently Recognized Nontuberculous Mycobacteria From Humans

Abstract
Historically, the taxonomy of the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has relied upon the grouping of organisms based on phenotypic characterizations, DNA-DNA homology studies, and chemotaxonomic studies which analyze mycolic acids and fatty acids by methods including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas liquid chromatography (GLC), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Unfortunately, few laboratories were equipped to perform these studies. For the past two decades, however, the comparison of relatedness of the 16S r-RNA gene sequence has become the standard for new species identification. The ease with which this is performed and compared to established species maintained in public data bases has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of NTM species. New species are being described each year, and the number of NTM species is now almost 100. The present article summarizes some salient laboratory and clinical identifying characteristics of these newly described species.

Key words
Recently recognized, emerging, nontuberculous, mycobacteria.


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Especialidades
Principal: Infectología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Epidemiología, Medicina Interna, Neumonología



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