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TRATAMIENTO DE LOS SÍNTOMAS MANÍACOS Y DEPRESIVOS EN EL TRASTORNO BIPOLAR I
Journal of Affective Disorders 366:136-145
Difundido en siicsalud: 7 nov 2024
CANNABIS Y RIESGOS DE TRASTORNOS PSIQUIÁTRICOS
JAMA Psychiatry 80(8):803-810
Difundido en siicsalud: 19 jul 2024

CONSIDERACIONES CLINICAS Y ENDOCRINOLOGICAS EN MUJERES CON TRASTORNO BIPOLAR

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
El trastorno bipolar es una de las enfermedades mentales más discapacitantes. Existen diferencias en cuanto al tipo de episodios más frecuentes, la polaridad predominante y la frecuencia de comorbilidad según el sexo.
Autor:
Mónica Flores-ramos
Columnista Experta de SIIC

Institución:
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz


Artículos publicados por Mónica Flores-ramos
Coautores
Claudia Becerra-Palars* Francisco de la Peña Olvera** Armando Carvajal-Lohr*** María Yoldi-Negrete**** Hiram Ortega-Ortiz**** Consuelo Hernández-González***** 
Medico, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México, México*
Medico, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría %u201CRamón de la Fuente Muñiz'**
Medico, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico, México***
Medico, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría****
Medico, Servicios de Salud*****
Recepción del artículo
4 de Enero, 2016
Aprobación
27 de Junio, 2016
Primera edición
1 de Julio, 2016
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El trastorno bipolar es una de las enfermedades mentales más discapacitantes. Existen diferencias en cuanto al tipo de episodios más frecuentes, la polaridad predominante y la frecuencia de comorbilidad según el sexo. En la mujer es importante considerar la etapa de vida reproductiva en que se encuentra, pues se sabe que puede influir en el curso de la enfermedad. Se ha informado una elevada comorbilidad del trastorno bipolar con trastorno disfórico premenstrual y una exacerbación de los síntomas en el período premenstrual en el 44% al 65%, que puede conducir a un peor curso de la enfermedad. El embarazo no parece incrementar la presencia de episodios de la enfermedad; sin embargo, el tratamiento se complica de forma importante, mientras que la suspensión de la medicación puede llevar a recaídas, el mantenerlo puede llevar a resultados obstétricos negativos, malformaciones congénitas e incluso alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. De tal manera que la evaluación de riesgo-beneficio en estas pacientes tiene que ser muy cautelosa. En el posparto, claramente se relaciona con un incremento en el riesgo de presentar algún episodio afectivo. Al llegar a la transición a la menopausia parecieran incrementarse los episodios de tipo depresivo. La relación entre el ciclo reproductivo y la presencia de episodios de enfermedad, así como los estudios en otras entidades psiquiátricas, han llevado a considerar que una relación entre las hormonas gonadales y los neurotransmisores podrían subyacer a esta entidad. En el presente artículo describimos algunas de las observaciones relacionadas con estrógenos, progesterona y sus metabolitos, testosterona y deshidroepiandrosterona.

Palabras clave
trastorno bipolar, mujer, hormonas gonadales, posparto, perimenopausia


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-7.44 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is one of the most disabling psychiatric illnesses. Some characteristics of the disorder vary with sex, such as predominant polarity, frequency and type of comorbidity, and type of episodes presented. In the case of bipolar women, it is important to consider reproductive events, due to their influence in the course of the disorder. High comorbidity of bipolar disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder with an exacerbation of symptoms in the premenstrual period has been reported in 44% to 65% which may lead to a worse disease course. In general, women with premenstrual symptom exacerbation show more affective - particularly depressive - episodes, more frequent relapses, and more severe symptomatology. Pregnancy does not appear to increase presence of bipolar episodes, but significantly complicates treatment. On the one hand, stopping the treatment, particularly abruptly, increases the risk of relapse; while on the other, the use of mood stabilizers represents a risk for the newborn. Poor neonatal outcomes, congenital malformations and neurodevelopment alterations in children of mothers exposed to mood stabilizers during pregnancy have been reported. So, a meticulous benefit-risk assessment should be carried out in pregnant bipolar women. In the postpartum period, a clearer relation with increased risk of affective episode has been observed; while the perimenopause increases depressive episodes. The inter-relation between reproductive cycle and bipolar episodes suggests that gonadal hormones are involved in their physio-pathology. Here we discuss some of the observations related to testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrogens, and progesterone.

Key words
bipolar disorder, women, postpartum, perimenopause, gonadal hormones


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Salud Mental
Relacionadas: Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Farmacología, Medicina Reproductiva



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Bibliografía del artículo
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