LOS TRASTORNOS DEL COMPLEMENTO INFLUYEN EN EL RESULTADO DEL TRASPLANTE EN PACIENTES CON SINDROME UREMICO HEMOLITICO ATIPICO

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Las mutaciones en las proteínas reguladoras del complemento tienen un papel importante en la patogénesis del síndrome urémico hemolítico atípico y en los resultados después del trasplante renal.
Autor:
Alejandra Rosales
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Innsbruck Medical University


Artículos publicados por Alejandra Rosales
Coautores
Johannes Hofer* Lothar Bernd Zimmerhackl* 
Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria*
Recepción del artículo
5 de Diciembre, 2008
Aprobación
16 de Diciembre, 2008
Primera edición
29 de Mayo, 2009
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) es la principal causa de insuficiencia renal aguda en pediatría y el diagnóstico primario del 4.5% de los niños en tratamiento por trasplante renal crónico. El SUH se caracteriza por insuficiencia renal aguda, anemia hemolítica y trombocitopenia. La presentación característica de SUH es luego de una infección gastrointestinal por Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica (ECEH). El 5% de todos los casos de SUH muestra un curso atípico recurrente. Las mutaciones en las proteínas reguladoras del complemento tienen un papel importante en la patogénesis de SUH atípico y en los resultados después del trasplante renal. Estos pacientes tienen un riesgo muy alto de pérdida del injerto debido a la recurrencia del SUH o a trombosis. A los pacientes con SUH y sin evidencia de infección por ECEH se les debería realizar un análisis completo de los trastornos de complemento conocidos y de autoanticuerpos contra el factor H. Un diagnóstico certero de SUH basado en los últimos conocimientos sobre trastornos en la regulación del complemento debería ayudar a predecir el riesgo de fracaso del injerto. Están emergiendo nuevas terapias que brindan esperanza para un mejor tratamiento futuro de esta grave enfermedad.

Palabras clave
enfermedad renal terminal, plasmaféresis, factor H, eculizumab, trasplante hepático, anticuerpos


Artículo completo

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Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the main cause of acute renal failure in children, and the primary diagnosis of 4.5% children on chronic renal transplantation therapy. HUS is characterized by acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The typical form of HUS follows gastrointestinal infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. 5% of all HUS cases show an atypical or recurrent course. Mutations in complement regulatory proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of atypical HUS and in the outcome after renal transplantation. These patients have a very high risk of graft loss due to recurrence of HUS or thrombosis. Patients with HUS and no evidence of EHEC infection should be fully investigated for the known complement disorders and for autoantibodies against factor H. An accurate diagnostic of HUS based on the latest knowledge of complement dysregulation should help predicting the risk of graft failure. New therapies are emerging and give hope for better future treatment of this severe disease.

Key words
end stage renal disease, plasmapheresis, factor H, eculizumab, liver transplantation, antibodies


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Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
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Especialidades
Principal: Pediatría
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Cuidados Intensivos, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Epidemiología, Infectología, Inmunología, Medicina Interna, Nefrología y Medio Interno, Trasplantes



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Lothar Bernd Zimmerhackl, Forschungslabor Pädiatrie 1, 6020, Innrain 66, Innsbruck, Austria
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Agradecimiento: A L. B. Zimmerhackl y Johannes Hofer, Universitätsklinik für Kinder und Jugendheilkunde, Innsbruck, Austria.
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