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EL DIAGNOSTICO PRECOZ ES FUNDAMENTAL EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La capacidad de detectar en etapas tempranas el proceso de la neurodegeneración abre una promisoria opción para instaurar tratamientos neuroprotectores que alteren el curso progresivo que caracteriza la enfermedad de Parkinson.
Autor:
Carlos andrés Juri clavería
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Artículos publicados por Carlos andrés Juri clavería
Coautor
Reinaldo Uribe San Martín* 
Alumno-Interno de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile*
Recepción del artículo
23 de Abril, 2008 		Aprobación
14 de Julio, 2008
Primera edición
11 de Diciembre, 2008 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

EL DIAGNOSTICO PRECOZ ES FUNDAMENTAL EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON

Resumen
La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas motores que aparecen cuando ha ocurrido una extensa pérdida de neuronas dopaminérgicas a nivel de la sustancia negra. En las últimas décadas diversos hallazgos mostraron que el inicio del proceso degenerativo tiene lugar varios años antes de la aparición de los síntomas, involucrando numerosos sistemas de neurotransmisión. Diversas manifestaciones clínicas como disfunción olfatoria, trastorno conductual del sueño REM, depresión y constipación, entre otras, preceden a la aparición de los síntomas motores. Además, las neuroimágenes han permitido reconocer algunos de los sujetos en riesgo de presentar EP a partir de síntomas tempranos o en portadores de mutaciones genéticas asociadas con la EP. En este artículo revisamos la información disponible sobre el diagnóstico en la etapa temprana de la EP, antes de los síntomas motores y cómo esta estrategia puede ser de utilidad en el mejor tratamiento de esta población de pacientes.

Palabras clave
enfermedad de Parkinson, diagnóstico precoz, disfunción olfatoria, trastorno conductual del REM, neuroimágenes funcionales


Artículo completo
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Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Early Diagnosis in Parkinson's Disease

Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterised by motor symptoms, those manifestations arise after an extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In the last decade evidence had arrived showing us that the onset of the neurodegeneration in PD probably began many years before the onset of the motor symptoms. Additionally non-motor manifestations as olfactory dysfunction, REM behavioural disorder, depression and constipation also arise earlier than the motor manifestations in the course of the disease. Neuroimages are useful for the recognition of subjects at risk to develop PD, from those with early non-motor manifestations or from genetically mutations associated with familiar PD. In this article we review the available evidence about the diagnostic of PD in the early non motor stage and how this approach could help us to improve the treatment of PD patients.

Key words
Parkinson's disease, early diagnosis, olfactory dysfunction, REM behavioural disorder, functional neuroimages

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Neurología, Salud Mental
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Educación Médica, Gastroenterología, Geriatría, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna, Otorrinolaringología



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Carlos Andrés Juri Clavería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352. Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
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