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ASPECTOS CLINICOS DE LA TUBERCULOSIS EN PACIENTES INFECTADOS POR EL VIRUS DE LA INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA

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Fortalecer los programas de salud permitirá disminuir la transmisión y controlar la epidemia hasta que se puedan tener vacunas efectivas para cada una de las infecciones.
kato9.jpg Autor:
Midori Kato-maeda
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine-San Francisco General Hospital University of California

Artículos publicados por Midori Kato-maeda
Recepción del artículo
29 de Marzo, 2005 		Aprobación
8 de Abril, 2005
Primera edición
28 de Noviembre, 2005 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

ASPECTOS CLINICOS DE LA TUBERCULOSIS EN PACIENTES INFECTADOS POR EL VIRUS DE LA INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA

Resumen
La infección por el HIV es el factor de riesgo más importante para el desarrollo de la tuberculosis activa. Este artículo resume los aspectos epidemiológicos (con énfasis en América latina y el Caribe), clínicos, diagnósticos y del tratamiento de la tuberculosis en pacientes infectados por el HIV. En América latina y el Caribe, 5.1% de los casos nuevos de tuberculosis diagnosticados en el 2002 se asociaron con el HIV. La presentación clínica de la tuberculosis es similar a la de los pacientes sin la infección viral. Sin embargo, conforme avanza la inmunosupresión, el cuadro clínico se vuelve más atípico y es frecuente observar formas extrapulmonares. Asimismo, la sensibilidad y la especificidad de los métodos diagnósticos disminuyen a medida que se profundiza la inmunodeficiencia. El tratamiento es efectivo, aunque existe mayor mortalildad cuando la inmunosupresión es grave. Debido a que estas dos epidemias tienen aspectos en común, actualmente los programas de salud están coordinando esfuerzos para lograr controlar ambas epidemias.

Palabras clave
Tuberculosis, HIV, epidemiología en Latinoamérica, clínica


Artículo completo
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CLINICAL ASPECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Abstract
HIV infection is the single most important risk factor for tuberculosis. This article summarizes the epidemiology (with emphasis in Latin America and the Caribbean), as well as the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV. In Latin America and the Caribbean, 5.1% of the new cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in 2002 were attributed to HIV. The clinical presentation is similar to patients without HIV. However, with severe immunosuppresion, the clinical presentation is atypical and is frequent to find extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Also, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods decrease with the severity of the immunosuppresion. The treatment is similar and effective as in patients without HIV infection. However there is a higher mortality if the inmunosupression is severe. Because these two epidemics have several issues in common, currently, the health care programs are organizing strategies to coordinate efforts to control these two infections.

Key words
Tuberculosis, HIV, epidemiology in Latin America, clinical issues

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Infectología
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Medicina Interna, Neumonología, Salud Pública



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