DESARROLLO DE METODOS DIAGNOSTICOS Y DE DETECCION SELECTIVA PARA LA DIABETES TIPO 2

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La medición pareada de las concentraciones de glucosa plasmática en ayunas y hemoglobina glucosilada es un método sencillo para identificar a las personas con alto riesgo de desarrollo de diabetes.
Autor:
Gary t.c. Ko
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por Gary t.c. Ko
Recepción del artículo
12 de Agosto, 2002
Primera edición
12 de Septiembre, 2002
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La posibilidad de desarrollo de complicaciones de la diabetes en individuos con hiperglucemia es continua. Es importante identificar tempranamente a las personas con riesgo de hiperglucemia y reducir al mínimo la posibilidad de producir una falsa alarma. La prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa o el nivel de glucemia a las 2 horas es el método diagnóstico de elección; no obstante, la incomodidad que representa para los pacientes, la dificultad en su realización y la escasa reproducibilidad de los resultados limitan su empleo. Se ha mostrado que la combinación del nivel plasmático de glucosa en ayunas y la determinación de hemoglobina glucosilada como prueba de detección selectiva o diagnóstica para la diabetes tiene más valor predictivo que cualquiera de esos parámetros determinado aisladamente. En nuestra experiencia los valores pareados de glucemia en ayunas y de hemoglobina glucosilada han resultado muy útiles para identificar personas con riesgo de diabetes. En los que se detectan valores pareados mayores que un límite determinado está indicada la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. Más del 60% de los habitantes de origen chino de Hong Kong pueden ser diabéticos de acuerdo con la determinación de glucemia a las 2 horas. Aun cuando el nivel plasmático de glucosa no sea diagnóstico en esa ocasión, esas personas deben ser controladas atentamente porque su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes franca es muy elevado. Creemos que la determinación pareada de los niveles de glucemia en ayunas y la concentración de hemoglobina glucosilada es un método práctico y económicamente efectivo, que mejora la especificidad y sensibilidad de la pesquisa de individuos diabéticos.

Palabras clave
Glucemia en ayunas, hemoglobina glucosilada, pesquisa


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Extensión:  +/-8.95 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
The risk of developing diabetic complications in subjects with hyperglycemia is a continuum. It is important to detect early those subjects at risk of hyperglycemia while minimizing the possibility of giving a false alarm. Oral glucose tolerance test or 2-hour plasma glucose level is the gold standard, however, its use is limited by its inconvenience to patients, laborious, and poor reproducibility. Combining fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin as screening or diagnostic test for diabetes has been shown to be more predictive than either parameter alone. We found that the paired values of a fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin very useful to identify potential diabetic subjects. Those with the paired values higher than certain cutoff should proceed to an oral glucose tolerance test. In Hong Kong Chinese, more than 60% of them may be diabetic based on the 2-hour plasma glucose. Even if their 2-hour plasma glucose is not diagnostic at that time, they should be closely followed up since their risk of progressing to diabetes is very high. We believe using a paired value of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin is practical, cost-effective and optimizing both sensitivity and specificity in screening diabetic subjects.

Key words
Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, screening


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Especialidades
Principal: Endocrinología y Metabolismo
Relacionadas: Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Medicina Interna, Nutrición



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