EVALUACION CLINICA, PRONOSTICO Y TERAPEUTICA DEL LINFOMA DE HODGKIN DEL ADULTO

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El objetivo actual del tratamiento inicial del linfoma de Hodgkin es lograr mantener los excelentes niveles de remisión completa, supervivencia libre de progresión y supervivencia global, reduciendo al máximo la toxicidad, especialmente gonadal, pulmonar y cardíaca.
pavlosky9_80310.jpg Autor:
Santiago Pavlovsky
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Centro de Internación e Investigación Clínica "Angélica Ocampo" FUNDALEU


Artículos publicados por Santiago Pavlovsky
Coautor
Astrid Pavlovsky* 
Médica especialista en Hematología, Centro de Hematología y Oncología Pavlovsky, Buenos Aires, Argentina*
Recepción del artículo
28 de Mayo, 2010
Aprobación
30 de Julio, 2010
Primera edición
20 de Septiembre, 2010
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El linfoma de Hodgkin es una neoplasia de linfocitos B de etiología desconocida. La nueva clasificación de la OMS muestra 2 subtipos: el linfoma nodular con predominio linfocítico CD20+, que representa el 5%, y la variedad clásica CD15 y CD30+, con cuatro subvariedades. Ambos grupos se diferencian en su presentación clínica, inmunofenotipo, pronóstico y terapéutica. La nueva modalidad de evaluación por imágenes que fusiona un estudio metabólico, la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET), con una tomografía anatómica convencional (PET-TC), logra predecir tempranamente en el curso del tratamiento el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Los pacientes con resultado negativo en la PET-TC luego de 1-4 ciclos tienen pronóstico más favorable. El objetivo actual del tratamiento inicial del linfoma de Hodgkin es lograr mantener los excelentes niveles de remisión completa, supervivencia libre de progresión y supervivencia global, reduciendo al máximo la toxicidad, especialmente gonadal, pulmonar y cardíaca, así como la aparición de segundas neoplasias. La quimioterapia óptima es la combinación ABVD con evaluación temprana por PET-TC; si el resultado es negativo, se puede reducir el número de ciclos a 3 o 4 y evitar la radioterapia. En pacientes con persistencia de PET-TC positiva (< 20%) es necesario intensificar el tratamiento para intentar mejorar su mal pronóstico. Con esta estrategia se logra una supervivencia a 5 y 10 años del 85% al 90%, con mínimos efectos tóxicos tardíos.

Palabras clave
linfoma de Hodgkin, PET, pronóstico


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-5.76 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD) is a neoplasm B of unknown etiology. The new WHO classification shows two subtypes: the nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma CD 20 positive, which represents 5% of cases, and the classical Hodgkin's lymphoma CD 15 and CD 30 positive with four subvariations. Both groups differ in their clinical presentation, immunophenotype, prognosis and therapeutic treatment. In the last decade, the new medical imaging device PET-CT, has managed to be more precise in the prognosis of early studies (1 to 4 cycles) which is very favorable for patients obtaining a PET-CT negativity in initially pathological areas. The main aim of the initial treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma is to manage to maintain the excellent levels of complete remission, event-free survival and overall survival by reducing pulmonary, cardiac, gonadal toxicity and likewise the appearance of a second neoplasia. ABVD for 3 to 4 cycles and an early evaluation with PET-CT can be considered the first line treatment. If it has a negative result the number of cycles can be reduced to 3 or 4 and radiotherapy can be avoided. In patients with positive persistence of PET-CT (< 20%) it is necessary to intensify the treatment to try to improve their negative prognosis. Using this method, survival increases to between 5-10 years of 85%-90% of patients with minimal delayed toxicity.

Key words
Hodgkin disease, PET, prognosis


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Hematología
Relacionadas: Anatomía Patológica, Bioquímica, Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Epidemiología, Medicina Interna, Oncología, Pediatría



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Santiago Pavlovsky, Centro de Internación e Investigación Clínica "Angélica Ocampo" FUNDALEU , C1114AAN, Uriburu 1450, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Agradecimiento: A todos los hematólogos que a lo largo de cuatro décadas han contribuido con pacientes en ensayos de estudios clínicos.
Bibliografía del artículo


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