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RETRASO MENTAL AUTOSOMICO DOMINANTE

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El retraso mental de origen genético es etiológicamente heterogéneo y suele presentarse formando parte de cuadros clínicos más complejos.
Autor:
Irene Mademont-soler
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular

Artículos publicados por Irene Mademont-soler
Coautores
Carme Morales Peydro* Aurora Sánchez Díaz* 
Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Barcelona, España*
Recepción del artículo
28 de Julio, 2008 		Aprobación
15 de Septiembre, 2008
Primera edición
20 de Febrero, 2009 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

RETRASO MENTAL AUTOSOMICO DOMINANTE

Resumen
El retraso mental es una entidad clínica que se presenta con alta frecuencia en la población general y obedece a múltiples causas. El retraso mental de origen genético es etiológicamente heterogéneo y suele presentarse formando parte de cuadros clínicos más complejos. En la actualidad aún son pocos los genes conocidos asociados a este fenotipo, si bien para algunas enfermedades éstos están bien establecidos, como es el caso de la neurofibromatosis tipo 1, la esclerosis tuberosa y la distrofia miotónica de Steinert, todos ellos trastornos monogénicos de transmisión autosómica dominante causados por mutaciones en los genes NF1, TSC1 y TSC2, y DMPK, respectivamente. Estudios recientes están empezando a elucidar la patogénesis de estas enfermedades, sugiriendo así posibles dianas terapéuticas. Otra entidad que cursa con retraso mental autosómico dominante son los desequilibrios cromosómicos crípticos, que también acostumbran a asociarse a cuadros sindrómicos y que están empezando a ser diagnosticados actualmente gracias a las nuevas técnicas moleculares. En el presente trabajo se profundiza en el retraso mental que presenta un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, con especial énfasis en las enfermedades neurofibromatosis tipo 1, esclerosis tuberosa y distrofia miotónica de Steinert, y en el causado por desequilibrios cromosómicos crípticos.

Palabras clave
retraso mental, neurofibromatosis tipo 1, esclerosis tuberosa, distrofia miotónica de Steinert, desequilibrios cromosómicos crípticos


Artículo completo
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Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Autosomal Dominant Mental Retardation

Abstract
Mental retardation is a frequent disorder related to multiple causes. Among the genetic ones, mental retardation is etiologically heterogeneous and usually linked to syndromic forms. There are still few known genes associated with this phenotype, although for some disorders they are well established. This is the case of neurofibromatosis 1, tuberous sclerosis, and Steinert myotonic dystrophy, which are caused by mutations in NF1, TSC1 and TSC2, and DMPK genes, respectively. All of them are monogenic disorders with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Recent studies have elucidated the pathogenesis of these diseases, suggesting possible therapeutic targets. Another entity responsible for autosomal dominant mental retardation are cryptic imbalances, whose diagnosis is only possible at present with current molecular techniques. In this work we review mental retardation with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, with special emphasis on neurofibromatosis 1, tuberous sclerosis and Steinert myotonic dystrophy, and on cryptic imbalances.

Key words
mental retardation, neurofibromatosis 1, tuberous sclerosis, steinert myotonic dystrophy, cryptic imbalances

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Genética Humana
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Bioquímica, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Educación Médica, Medicina Familiar, Neurología, Pediatría, Salud Mental



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Irene Mademont-Soler, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, 08028, C/Mejía Lequerica S/N, Edificio Helios III, Barcelona, España
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