REVISION TERAPEUTICA DE LA ECLAMPSIA Y EL SINDROME HELLP

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La preeclampsia es el diagnóstico principal cuando una embarazada presenta hipertensión y proteinuria. El objetivo inicial es confirmar el diagnóstico y evaluar la gravedad. El tratamiento definitivo es el nacimiento, a fin de prevenir la aparición de complicaciones maternas o fetales debido a la progresión de la enfermedad.
cetin9.jpg Autor:
Ali Cetin
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine


Artículos publicados por Ali Cetin
Recepción del artículo
5 de Agosto, 2007
Aprobación
7 de Enero, 2008
Primera edición
21 de Enero, 2009
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La preeclampsia es el diagnóstico principal cuando una mujer embarazada presenta hipertensión arterial y proteinuria. El objetivo inicial es confirmar el diagnóstico, y evaluar la gravedad de la enfermedad, si es leve o grave. El tratamiento definitivo de la preeclampsia es el nacimiento, a fin de prevenir la aparición de complicaciones maternas o fetales debido a la progresión de la enfermedad. La decisión sobre el nacimiento del feto se basa en la edad gestacional, las condiciones fetales y maternas, y la gravedad de la preeclampsia. En las pacientes a término se realizará el parto, pero el nacimiento de los prematuros no siempre conlleva el mejor pronóstico para el feto. Como resultado, el tratamiento conservador es frecuentemente considerado en mujeres seleccionadas con edades gestacionales bajas. El sulfato de magnesio es la droga de elección para la prevención de la eclampsia y de las convulsiones eclámpticas recurrentes. En el síndrome HELLP, el pilar fundamental de la terapéutica, también es el nacimiento. Las indicaciones del parto de urgencia incluyen: la edad gestacional mayor o igual a 34 semanas, el feto no viable, la presencia de enfermedad materna grave como disfunción multiorgánica, coagulación intravascular diseminada, hemorragia o infarto hepáticos, insuficiencia renal y desprendimiento de placenta. En esta revisión se analiza el tratamiento de la preeclampsia con sus formas graves: la eclampsia y el síndrome HELLP.

Palabras clave
preeclampsia, eclampsia, síndrome HELLP, hipertensión


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-10.94 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
Preeclampsia is the leading diagnosis whenever hypertension and proteinuria are noted in a pregnant woman. The initial goal is to support the diagnosis, and to assess the severity of disease, whether mild or severe. The definitive treatment of preeclampsia is delivery to prevent development of maternal or fetal complications from disease progression. Whether or not to deliver the fetus is based upon gestational age, maternal and fetal condition, and the severity of preeclampsia. Patients at term are delivered, but preterm delivery is not always in the best interests of the fetus. As a result, a more conservative approach is often considered in selected women remote from term. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for the prevention of eclampsia and prevention of recurrent eclamptic seizures. In the management of HELLP syndrome, the cornerstone of therapy is delivery. Pregnancies = 34 weeks of gestation, nonreassuring tests of fetal status, presence of severe maternal disease such as multiorgan dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver infarction or hemorrhage, renal failure, or abruptio placenta necessitate prompt delivery. In this review, management of preeclampsia with its severe forms, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome, is discussed.

Key words
preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, hypertension


Full text
(english)
para suscriptores/ assinantes

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Obstetricia y Ginecología
Relacionadas: Anestesiología, Atención Primaria, Cardiología, Enfermería, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna, Pediatría



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 10.94 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Enviar correspondencia a:
Ali Cetin, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58140, Sivas, Turquía
Bibliografía del artículo

1. Aagaard-Tillery KM, Belfort MA. Eclampsia: morbidity, mortality, and management. Clin Obstet Gynecol 48:12-23, 2005.
2. Atallah AN, Hofmeyr GJ, Duley L. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD001059, 2001.
3. Barton JR, Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome. Clin Perinatol 31:807-33, 2004.
4. Baxter JK, Weinstein L. HELLP syndrome: the state of the art. Obstet Gynecol Surv 59:838-45, 2004.
5. Cetin A. Eclampsia. In Mohler III ER, Townsend RR. Advanced therapy in hypertension and vascular disease. Ontario: B.C. Decker Inc. pp. 407-15, 2006.
6. Cetin A. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP). In Mohler III ER, Townsend RR. Advanced therapy in hypertension and vascular disease. Ontario: B.C. Decker Inc. pp. 416-20, 2006.
7. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, Kelly FJ, Lee R, Hunt BJ, Parmar K, Bewley SJ, Shennan AH, Steer PJ, Poston L. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 354:810-16, 1999.
8. Cunningham FG, Femandez CO, Hemandez C. Blindness associated with pmeclampsia and eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:1291-98, 1995.
9. Douglas KA, Redman CW. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom. BMJ 309:1395-400, 1994.
10. Duley L, Gulmezoglu AM, Henderson-Smart DJ. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD000025, 2003.
11. Duley L. Maternal mortality associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 99:547-53, 1992.
12. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. NIH Consensus Development Panel on the Effect of Corticosteroids for Fetal Maturation on Perinatal Outcomes. JAMA 273:413-8, 1995.
13. Egerman RS, Sibai BM. HELLP syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 42:381-9, 1999.
14. Gul A, Cebeci A, Aslan H, Polat I, Ozdemir A, Ceylan Y. Perinatal outcomes in severe preeclampsia-eclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest 59:113-8, 2005.
15. Henry CS, Biedermann SA, Campbell MF, Guntupalli JS. Spectrum of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. Crit Care Clin 20:697-712, 2004.
16. Hjartardottir S, Leifsson BG, Geirsson RT, Steinthorsdottir V. Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:916-20, 2006.
17. Hunt CM, Sharara AI. Liver disease in pregnancy. Am Fam Physician 59:829-36, 1999.
18. Isler CM, Rinehart BK, Terrone DA, Martin RW, Magann EF, Martin JN Jr. Maternal mortality associated with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181:924-28, 1999.
19. Leitch CR, Cameron AD, Walker JJ. The changing pattern of eclampsia over a 60-year period. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:917-22, 1997.
20. Longo SA, Dola CP, Pridjian G. Preeclampsia and eclampsia revisited. South Med J 96:891-9, 2003.
21. Lu JF, Nightingale CH. Magnesium sulfate in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: pharmacokinetic principles. Clin Pharmacokinet 38:305-14, 2000.
22. Magann EF, Martin JN Jr. Critical care of HELLP syndrome with corticosteroids. Am J Perinatol 17:417-22, 2000.
23. Magnesium sulfate. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 18:24, 1999.
24. Martin JN Jr, Rinehart B, May WL, Magann EF, Terrone DA, Blake PG. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180:1373-84, 1999.
25. Matchaba P, Moodley J. Corticosteroids for HELLP syndrome in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD002076, 2004.
26. Mattar F, Sibai BM. Eclampsia. VIII. Risk factors for maternal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:307-12, 2000.
27. McCrae KR, Samuels P, Schreiber AD. Pregnancy-associated thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis and management. Blood 80:2697-714, 1992.
28. Moller B, Lindmark G. Eclampsia in Sweden, 1976-80. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 65:307-14, 1986.
29. Mutter WP, Karumanchi SA. Molecular mechanisms of preeclampsia. Microvasc Res Epub ahead of print, 2007.
30. Naylor DF Jr, Olson MM. Critical care obstetrics and gynecology. Crit Care Clin 19:127-49, 2003.
31. Polley LS. Anesthetic management of hypertension in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 46:688-99, 2003.
32. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183:S1-S22, 2000.
33. Saftlas AF, Olson DR, Franks AC, Atrash HK, Polaras R. Epidemiology of preeclampsia and eclampsia in the United States, 1979-1986. Am J Obstet Gynecol 163:460-65, 1990.
34. Shah DM, Shenai JP, Vaughn WK. Neonatal outcome of premature infants of mothers with preeclampsia. J Perinatol 15:264-7, 1995.
35. Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 102:181-92, 2003.
36. Sibai BM. Diagnosis, controversies, and management of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Obstet Gynecol 103(5 Pt 1):981-91, 2004.
37. Sibai BM, el-Nazer A, Gonzalez-Ruiz A. Severe preeclampsia-eclampsia in young primigravid women: Subsequent pregnancy outcome and remote prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 155:1011-16, 1986.
38. Sibai BM. Magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in preeclampsia: Lessons learned from recent trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190:1520-6, 2004.
39. Sibai BM, Mercer B, Sarinoglu C. Severe preeclampsia in the second trimester: Recurrence risk and long-term prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165:1408-12, 1991.
40. Smyth B. Pre-eclampsia. In Mohler III ER, Townsend RR. Advanced therapy in hypertension and vascular disease. Ontario: B. C. Decker Inc. pp. 394-406, 2006.
41. Solomon CG, Seely EW. Hypertension in pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 35:157-71, 2006.
42. Subtil D, Goeusse P, Puech F, Lequien P, Biausque S, Breart G, Uzan S, Marquis P, Parmentier D, Churlet A; Essai Regional Aspirine Mere-Enfant (ERASME) Collaborative Group. Aspirin (100 mg) used for prevention of pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women: the Essai Regional Aspirine Mere-Enfant study (Part 1). BJOG 110:475-84, 2003.
43. The Collaborative Eclampsia Trial Group. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial. Lancet 345:1455-63, 1995.
44. Van Runnard Heimel PJ, Franx A, Schobben AF, Huisjes AJ, Derks JB, Bruinse HW. Corticosteroids, pregnancy, and HELLP syndrome: A Review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 60:57-70, 2005.
45. Witlin AG. Prevention and treatment of eclamptic convulsions. Clin Obstet Gynecol 42:507-18, 1999.
46. Ziaei S, Hantoshzadeh S, Rezasoltani P, Lamyian M. The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnants at high risk of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 99:201-6, 2001.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618
Home

Copyright siicsalud © 1997-2024 ISSN siicsalud: 1667-9008