LA HIPERFOSFATEMIA Y SU RELACION CON LA MORTALIDAD CARDIOVASCULAR EN LA INSUFICIENCIA RENAL CRONICA

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El manejo adecuado de los trastornos del metabolismo mineral es fundamental para lograr el control de la hiperfosfatemia en pacientes en diálisis por insuficiencia renal crónica.
douthat9.jpg Autor:
Walter guillermo Douthat
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Hospital Privado-Centro Médico de Córdoba, Universidad Católica de Córdoba


Artículos publicados por Walter guillermo Douthat
Recepción del artículo
3 de Enero, 2006
Aprobación
24 de Marzo, 2006
Primera edición
4 de Mayo, 2006
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Si bien la supervivencia de la población con insuficiencia renal crónica en tratamiento con diálisis es cada vez mayor, la mortalidad continúa siendo elevada, especialmente relacionada con trastornos cardiovasculares. Diversos estudios demuestran que niveles elevados de fosfato, calcio, producto fosfo-cálcico y PTH desempeñan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las calcificaciones cardiovasculares y tienen una relación directa con la mortalidad de la población en diálisis. Cuando el calcio se deposita en la íntima arterial lo hace sobre placas ateroscleróticas inflamadas, como se observa frecuentemente en la aorta, ilíacas, carótidas y coronarias, aunque la lesión vascular más frecuente es la esclerosis de la media arterial conocida como "esclerosis de Mönckeberg", la cual implica una verdadera osificación de la pared vascular. Las normas K/DOQI y EBPG establecieron las pautas para el manejo adecuado de los trastornos del metabolismo mineral. Sin embargo, diversos estudios demostraron que el cumplimiento de dichas metas es muy dificultoso y la hiperfosfatemia presenta una elevada prevalencia entre la población en diálisis. El nefrólogo cumple una tarea fundamental en el control de la hiperfosfatemia a través del conocimiento de la fisiopatogenia de los trastornos del metabolismo mineral y de su esfuerzo por alcanzar las metas propuestas por las normas.

Palabras clave
Calcificaciones cardiovasculares, osteodistrofia renal, hiperfosfatemia, diálisis, hiperparatiroidismo secundario


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-7.69 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Although survival of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) under dialysis is increasing mortality remains high due to cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of phosphate, calcium, Ca x P product and PTHi play a critical role in cardiac calcifications. Moreover a direct relationship has been established between mortality and content of calcium in the heart.
Calcifications in ESRD seem to occur at 2 sites of the vessel wall. Sclerosis that affect the media -named Monckeberg's sclerosis- represents a real ossification of the vessel. The deposit of calcium could also compromise the atherosclerotic plaques affecting the intima of the aorta, carotid, coronaries and iliac arteries. K/DOQI and EBPG guidelines established the appropriate treatment for these abnormalities. Several trials revealed the difficulty to achieve these aims in clinical settings, and hyperphosphatemia continue to have a high prevalence in dialysis population. Nephrology community has a crucial role in the management of hyperphosphatemia through the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms operating in these alterations. Many efforts should be made to reach the guidelines objectives.

Key words
renal osteodystrophy, hyperphosphatemia,, dialysis,, secondary hyperparathyroidism, cardiovascular calcification


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Nefrología y Medio Interno
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Cardiología, Cuidados Intensivos, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Walter Gui Douthat, Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, 5016, Naciones Unidas 346, Bº Parque Vélez Sarsfield, Córdoba, Argentina
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
A los Dres. Alles, Peñalba y Tirado por el trabajo conjunto en estudios de osteodistrofia renal. A todos los nefrólogos participantes de la encuesta multicéntrica Argentina sobre osteodistrofia renal.
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