IMPACTO DAS IMAGENS DA VELHICE NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA E BEM ESTAR DOS IDOSOS

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
As imagens da velhice descrevem os idosos como dependentes e desanimados, porém os estudos sobre a qualidade de vida demonstram que se mantêm competentes e felizes. Torna-se fundamental remover as atitudes e práticas ageistas, que influenciam de modo negativo a vivência da velhice.
sousa9.jpg Autor:
Liliana Sousa
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro


Artículos publicados por Liliana Sousa
Recepción del artículo
3 de Enero, 2006
Aprobación
2 de Enero, 2006
Primera edición
15 de Mayo, 2006
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Na literatura a qualidade de vida nos idosos emerge, no global, como positiva, indicando que se mantêm competentes e felizes. Torna-se, pois, importante confrontar estes resultados com as imagens da velhice, uma vez que na sociedade ocidental os idosos têm sido estereotipados como senis, inúteis e dependentes. Estes estudos escasseiam no que concerne à população portuguesa. Assim, desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório para identificar as imagens de sujeitos de vários grupos etários em relação à velhice e ao processo de envelhecimento. Um questionário de completamento de frases foi administrado a uma amostra de 120 sujeitos, 30 de cada um dos seguintes grupos etários: jovens, adultos, jovens-idosos e muito-idosos. Os principais resultados indicam que: i) os diferentes grupos etários tendem a partilhar as mesmas imagens; ii) as imagens são implícitas e negativas; iii) as imagens mais comuns são "fase normal da vida", "incapacidade e dependência" e "desânimo e vulnerabilidade". Estas imagens contrariam a vivência da velhice indicada pelos estudos de qualidade de vida nos idosos, sendo que a sua presença facilita atitudes ageistas, que promovem a dependência e incompetência nos idosos.

Palabras clave
preconceito, envelhecimento, qualidade de vida, estereotipagem, idoso


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-7.83 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
In the research literature, the quality of life and well-being of the elderly are generally reported positively, revealing that they remain competent and content 1,2,3. It is important to confront these results with social images of ageing 1,4,5, since in Western society, older people have been stereotyped as senile, useless and dependent. For the Portuguese population such studies are scarce, so an exploratory study was developed in order to identify the images of ageing held by different age groups regarding old age and the ageing process. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 120 subjects, 30 from each one of the following age groups: young, adult, young-old and old-old. The main findings suggest that: i) the different age groups share similar images; ii) images tend to be implicit and negative; iii) the most common images are "normal phase of life", "incapacity and dependence" and "melancholy and vulnerability". These images do not support the experience of ageing revealed by studies on the quality of life of older people and promote ageist attitudes that support dependence and incompetence amongst the elderly.

Key words
ageism, aging, quality of life, stereotyping, elderly


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Infectología
Relacionadas: Bioética, Medicina Familiar, Salud Mental



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 7.83 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Enviar correspondencia a:
L Sousa, Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
Bibliografía del artículo
1. Sousa L, Galante H, Figueiredo D. Qualidade de vida e bem estar dos idosos - um estudo exploratório na população portuguesa. Rev Saúde Pública 2003; 37:364-371.
2. Walsh F. The family in later life. In B. Carter & M. McGoldrick (eds.) The changing family life cycle. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 1989. p. 311-334.
3. Schaie K. Intellectual development in adulthood: the Seattle longitudinal study. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press; 1996.
4. Neri A, Freire S. Qual é a idade da velhice? In A. Neri & S. Freire (org.) E por falar em boa velhice. Campinas: Papirus Editora; 2000. p. 7-20.
5. Tadd W. Aging and agism in the 21st century. Rev Clin Gerontol 2000; 10: 203-205.
6. Simões A. Estereótipos relacionados com os idosos. Rev Port Pedagogia 1985; 19(2):207-235.
7. Neto F, Raveau F, Chiche J. Vieillesse et représentations. Cahiers d'Anthropologie et Biométrie Humaine, 1989; 3-4:209-228.
8. Neto F. Estereótipos etários. Psychologica 1992; 8:81-94.
9. Featherstone M, Hepworth M. Images of aging. In: Birren J, ed. Encyclopedia of Gerontology: Age, Aging and the Aged. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996:743-751.
10. Kunda Z. Social cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.
11. Cuddy A, Fiske S. Doddering but dear: process, content and function in stereotyping of older persons. In: Todd N, ed. Ageism. Cambridge: Bradford Books, 2002:3-26.
12. Butler R. Age-ism: another form of bigotry. Gerontologist 1969; 9(4):243-246.
13. Bodenhause G. Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics. Psychol Sci 1990, 1:319-322.
14. Hausdorff J. Positive talk about elderly can have an effect on they function. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999, 22:13-28.
15. McCann R, Giles H. Ageism and the workplace: A communication perspective. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.) Ageism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002:163-199.
16. Arluke A, Levin J. Another stereotype: old age as a second childhood. Ageing 1984, 8:7-11.
17. Kite M, Johnson B. Attitudes toward older and younger adults. Psychol Aging 1988, 3(3):233-244.
18. Revenson T. Compassionate stereotyping of elderly patients by physicians. Psychol Aging 1989, 4:230-234.
19. Palmore E. Ageism: positive and negative. New York: Springer, 1999.
20. Levy B, Hausdorff J, Hencke R, Wei J. Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. J Gerontol 2000, 55:205-213.
21. Levy B, Ashman O, Dror I. To be or not to be: the effects of aging stereotypes on the will to live. J Death & Dying 2000, 40:409-420.
22. Curry L, Stone, J. Understanding elder abuse: The social problem of the 1990s. J Clin Geropsychol 1995, 1:147-156.
23. Lewis J, Johansen K. Resistances to psychotherapy with the elderly. American J Psychotherapy 1982, 36:497-504.
24. Reekie L, Hansen F. The influence of client age on clinical judgements of male and female social workers. J Gerontol Soc Work 1992, 19:67-82.
25. Goodstein R. Common clinical problems in the elderly: Camouflaged by ageism and atypical presentation. Psychiatri Annals 1985, 15:299-312.
26. Palmer B, Jeste D, Sheikh J. Anxiety disorders in the elderly: DSM-IV and other barriers to diagnosis and treatment. J. Affective Disord 1997, 46:183-190.
27. Wade S. Combating agism: An imperative for contemporary health care. Rev Clin Gerontol 2001, 11(3):285-294.
28. Gatz M, Pearson C. Ageism revised and provision of psychological services. Am Psychol 1988, 43:184-189.
29. Izal M, Montorio I. Comportamiento y salud en la vejez. En M. Izal, I. Montorio Gerontología conductual. Bases para la intervención y ámbitos de aplicación. Madrid: Síntesis, 1999:115-137.
30. Grau L, Chandler B, Saunders C. Nursing home residents' perceptions of the quality of their care. J Psychosocial Nurs 1995, 33:34-41.
31. Ryan E, Hummert M, Boich L. Communication predicaments of aging: Patronizing behavior toward older adults. J L Soc Psychol 1995, 14:144-166.
32. Hummel C. Images de la vieillesse, représentation de l'altérité. Université de Genève, 1995.
33. Hummert M. A social cognitive perspective on age stereotypes. In T. Hess, F. Blanchard-Fields (eds), Social cognition and aging. New York: Ac Press, 1999:207-248.
34. Lutsky N. Attitudes toward old age and elderly persons. In C. Eisdorfer (ed.), Annu Rev Gerontol Geriatr. New York: Springer, 1980.
35. Bailey W. Knowledge, attitude and psychosocial development of young and old adults. Educ Geront 1991, 17(3):269-274.
36. Harris M, Page P, Begay C. Attitudes toward aging in a southwestern sample. Psychol Rep 1988, 62(3):735-746.
37. Fernández Ballesteros R. Anatomia de los autoinformes. Eval Psicol, 1992, 8:3-26.
38. ONSA Protecção da acção social. Pessoa Idosa. Lisboa: Ministério da Segurança Social e do Trabalho, 2001.
39. Sousa L, Figueiredo D. Dependence and independence among old persons - realities and myths. Rer Clin Gerontol 2002, 12:269-273.
40. Sousa L, Figueiredo D. (In)dependência na população idosa - um estudo exploratório na população portuguesa. Psychologica 2003, 33:109-122.
41. Jackson L, Sullivan L. Age stereotypes disconfirming informations and evaluations of old people. J Soc Psychol 1988, 128(6):721-729.
42. Heikkinen RL. Ageing in autobiographical context. Ageing Soc 2000, 20:467-483.
43. Kornhaber A. Contemporary grandparenting. New York: Sage Publications, 1996.
44. Rowe J, Kahn R. Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998.
45. Levy B, Slade M, Kunkel S, Kasl S. Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. J Pers Soc Psychol 2002, 83:261-270.
46. Simms M. A theory of age exclusion through closure: "chronological age" to "clinical need". J Ageing Stud 2004, 18:445-465.
47. Kaempfer D, Wellman N, Himburg S. Dietetics students' low knowledge, attitudes, and work preferences toward older adults indicate need for improved education about aging. J Am Dietetic Assoc 2003, 102(2):197-202.
48. Montorio I, Losada A, Márquez M, Izal M. Barreras para el acceso a los servicios de intervención psicosocial por parte de las personas mayores. Interv Psicosocial 2003, 12(3):301-324.
49. Rodeheaver D. When old age became a social problem, women were left behind The Gerontologist 1987, 27:741-746.
50. Sawchuck K. From gloom to boom: age, identity and target marketing. In: Featherstone M, ed. Images of aging: cultural representations of later life. London: Routledge, 1995:173-187.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618
Inicio/Home

Copyright siicsalud © 1997-2024 ISSN siicsalud: 1667-9008