BASES MOLECULARES DE LA FUNCION EXCRETORA DE TIPO HEPATOBILIAR DE LA PLACENTA

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La vía mayoritaria en la transferencia placentaria de ácidos biliares y bilirrubina está mediada por sistemas de transporte que, en conjunto, presentan características de vectorialidad feto-materna, y que también juegan un papel en la barrera placentaria reduciendo el flujo de sustancias nocivas desde la madre al feto.
marin9.jpg Autor:
Marín, josé j g
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, España


Artículos publicados por Marín, josé j g
Coautores
Rocío I. R. Macías*  Oscar Briz**  M. Angeles Serrano*** 
Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España*
Departamentos de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España**
Departamentos de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España***
Recepción del artículo
30 de Agosto, 2004
Aprobación
12 de Octubre, 2004
Primera edición
18 de Febrero, 2005
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El hígado juega un papel determinante en la excreción de sustancias potencialmente tóxicas de origen externo o producidas por el organismo, como ácidos biliares y bilirrubina. Esta función implica tanto procesos de transporte como de biotransformación. Durante la vida intrauterina, el hígado fetal no es aún capaz de realizar esta función, por lo que es la placenta la que asume un papel excretor similar al que desempeña el sistema hepatobiliar en el adulto. La similitud entre ambas funciones se debe a la presencia en ambos órganos de proteínas transportadoras de la familia OATP, que llevan a cabo la captación de aniones orgánicos en varios epitelios, y de miembros de la superfamilia de proteínas ABC ("ATP-binding cassette"), capaces de bombear al exterior celular una gran variedad de sustancias. Estudios recientes demostraron que, además de un componente difusional, que es más relevante en el caso de la bilirrubina no conjugada, la vía mayoritaria en la transferencia placentaria de ácidos biliares y bilirrubina está mediada por sistemas de transporte que, en conjunto, presentan características de vectorialidad feto-materna, y que por ello también juegan un papel en la barrera placentaria reduciendo el flujo de sustancias nocivas desde la madre al feto.

Palabras clave
Acidos biliares, aniones colefílicos, bilirrubina, biliverdina, feto, gestación, hígado, trofoblasto


Artículo completo

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Abstract
The liver plays an important excretory role eliminating from the body potentially toxic compounds that are xenobiotics or produced endogenously, such as bile acids and biliary pigments. This involves both transport and biotransformation processes. During intrauterine life, the inmature fetal liver cannot carry out this function. Therefore, the placenta performs a hepatobiliary-like excretory role, transferring cholephilic compounds from the fetus to the mother. The similarity of this function in the placenta and the adult liver is probably accounted for by the presence in both organs of proteins of the OATP family, involved in the uptake of organic anions across the basolateral membrane of several epithelia, and of members of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, which are involved in the export of substances out of many different cells. Thus, several studies have shown that, in addition to a difussional component, that may become particularly important for unconjugated bilirubin, the main mechanisms for bile acids and bilirubin transplacental transfer from the fetus to the mother are carrier-mediated transport systems, which have vectorial properties and also play an important role in the placental barrier by preventing or reducing the net flux of noxious substances from the mother to the fetus.

Key words
Bile acids, cholephilics anions, bilirubin, biliverdin, fetus, liver, trophoblast


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Obstetricia y Ginecología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Farmacología, Gastroenterología, Pediatría



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Marín, José J G
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