TRATAMIENTO DE LA HEPATITIS C CRONICA EN PACIENTES EN RIESGO DE PADECER ENFERMEDADES PSIQUIATRICAS

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La presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos no debería seguir siendo una contraindicación para el tratamiento de la hepatitis C crónica con interferón alfa.
schaefer9.jpg Autor:
Schaefer, martin
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Department of Psychiatry University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany


Artículos publicados por Schaefer, martin
Recepción del artículo
19 de Agosto, 2004
Primera edición
14 de Abril, 2005
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C (HVC) es la primera causa de enfermedad crónica del hígado. Mientras que en la población general la prevalencia se encuentra entre el 1% y el 2%, 6% a 8% de los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos y 60% a 90% de los adictos a drogas intravenosas están crónicamente infectados por el HVC. En los últimos años, el tratamiento combinado con peginterferón alfa (IFN-α) y ribavirina llevó a un aumento significativo y sostenido de las tasas de respuesta. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con IFN-α está aún contraindicado en pacientes con enfermedades mentales o con antecedentes de abuso de drogas intravenosas por el riesgo aumentado de sufrir graves efectos adversos psiquiátricos como depresión, ideas suicidas, irritabilidad y recaídas en el abuso de drogas o alcohol. No obstante, existen datos recientes que no apoyan esta idea. En un estudio propio, prospectivo y controlado los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos o en tratamiento de sustitución con metadona no fueron más propensos a desarrollar depresión, o a discontinuar el tratamiento en comparación con controles infectados con HVC y sin enfermedad mental. Los pacientes fueron tratados en conjunto por hepatólogos y psiquiatras y recibieron antidepresivos en caso de cambios depresivos del estado de ánimo. Estos datos son respaldados por otros estudios recientemente publicados. Los pacientes infectados por el HVC que presentan trastornos psiquiátricos o adicción a las drogas ya no deberían ser excluidos del tratamiento efectivo con peg-IFN-α y ribavirina.

Palabras clave
Hepatitis C, interferón alfa, depresión, efectos adversos, adicción a las drogas, contraindicaciones


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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. While in the general population the prevalence ranges between 1-2%, 6-8% of patients with psychiatric disorders and 60-90% of intravenous drug users (IDU) are chronically infected with the HCV. In recent years, the combination treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin led to significantly increased sustained response rates. Nevertheless, IFN-alpha treatment is still contraindicated in patients with mental illness or intravenous drug abuse because of a postulated increased risk to develop severe psychiatric side effects such as depression, suicidal thoughts, irritability and relapse in drug or alcohol abuse. However, recent data do not support this view. In an own prospective and controlled trial, patients with psychiatric disorders or methadone substitution were not more likely to develop depression or to discontinue treatment early compared to HCV-infected controls without a mental illness. Patients were treated by hepatologists and psychiatrists together and received antidepressants in case of depressive mood changes. These data are supported by other recently published trials. HCV-infected patients with psychiatric disorders or drug addiction should not be longer excluded from an otherwise effective antiviral treatment with pegylated IFN-alpha and ribavirin.

Key words
Hepatitis C, interferon-alpha, depression, side effects, drug addiction, contraindications


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Especialidades
Principal: Farmacología, Salud Mental
Relacionadas: Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna



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Bibliografía del artículo
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