GLOMERULOPATIA COLAPSANTE

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La glomerulopatía colapsante se presenta como una proteinuria grave con insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva y mala evolución. Se describen nuevas asociaciones etiológicas como el tratamiento prolongado con pamidronato, el parvovirus B19 y las enfermedades linfoproliferativas.
lauri9.jpg Autor:
Arvydas Laurinavicius
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
National Center of Pathology Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania


Artículos publicados por Arvydas Laurinavicius
Coautor
Helmut G. Rennke, M.D* 
Professor, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, EE.UU.*
Recepción del artículo
19 de Agosto, 2004
Aprobación
24 de Agosto, 2004
Primera edición
31 de Mayo, 2005
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La glomerulopatía colapsante (GC) es una forma agresiva de enfermedad renal inicialmente diagnosticada en pacientes con infección por HIV, y crecientemente en pacientes sin HIV, como una enfermedad idiopática o asociada con diferentes cuadros clínicos. La GC comparte varias características clínicas y patológicas en los pacientes HIV+ y HIV-. Se caracteriza por proteinuria grave generalmente asociada con insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva y mala evolución. A través del microscopio óptico se observa un colapso glomerular con prominencias y cambios degenerativos en los podocitos y con frecuencia una lesión tubulointersticial grave con cambios tubulares microquísticos. La patogenia de la GC incluye una alteración singular de los podocitos: éstos reingresan en su ciclo celular, pierden su citoarquitectura normal, sus marcadores de maduración y su función. Esta respuesta proliferativa aberrante se observa tanto en pacientes HIV+ como HIV- con GC, pero no en otras formas de glomerulopatías nefróticas. Es posible que en pacientes HIV+ la GC se desencadene directamente por la infección viral del riñón, aunque factores del huésped no reconocidos hasta el momento pueden desempeñar un papel relevante. En la población de pacientes sin HIV aún no se estableció el origen de la GC en su totalidad, sin embargo están surgiendo posibles vínculos etiológicos con el parvovirus B19 y con otras infecciones virales, trastornos autoinmunes y linfoproliferativos, y con agentes terapéuticos como la terapia con pamidronato en dosis elevadas.

Palabras clave
Glomerulopatía colapsante, glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria, nefropatía asociada con el HIV


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Abstract
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is an aggressive type of renal injury first recognized in HIV patients and increasingly seen in non-HIV patients as an idiopathic disease or in various clinical associations. CG shares many clinical and pathologic features in HIV and non-HIV patients. It is characterized by heavy proteinuria frequently combined with rapidly progressive renal failure, and poor outcome. Light microscopy reveals glomerular collapse with prominence and degenerative changes of the podocytes, and frequently a severe tubulointerstitial injury with microcystic tubular changes. Pathogenesis of CG involves a peculiar podocyte injury: podocytes re-enter cell cycle, loose their normal cytoarchitecture, maturity markers, and function. This aberrant proliferative response is observed in both HIV and non-HIV patients with CG but not in other forms of nephrotic glomerulopathies. It becomes apparent that in HIV patients CG is directly caused by the viral infection of the kidney, although unrecognized host factors may play a role. In the population of non-HIV patients, CG mostly remains of un-established origin, however, potential etiologic links with parvovirus B19 and other viral infections, autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders as well as therapeutic agents (high-dose pamidronate therapy) are emerging.

Key words
Collapsing glomerulopathy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, HIV-associated nephropathy


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Especialidades
Principal: Nefrología y Medio Interno
Relacionadas: Medicina Interna



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Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Este trabajo fue financiado por un subsidio de la Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation.
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Clasificado en
Artículos originales>
Expertos del Mundo

Especialidad principal:
Nefrología y Medio Interno


Relacionadas:
Medicina Interna
 
 
 
 
 
 
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