LA L-ASPARAGINASA ACTUA COMO AGREGANTE PLAQUETARIO EN LA LEUCEMIA LINFOBLASTICA AGUDA DE LA INFANCIA

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La L-asparaginasa actúa como agonista plaquetario in vitro y podría conducir a un estado de hiperreactividad plaquetaria, que en conjunto con la disminución de anticoagulantes naturales podría desencadenar el estado hipercoagulable en la leucemia linfoblástica aguda.
jaime9.jpg Autor:
José carlos Jaime-pérez,
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por José carlos Jaime-pérez,
Coautor
David Gómez-Almaguer.* 
Académico Profesor de Hematología. Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González" de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México*
Recepción del artículo
5 de Marzo, 2004
Primera edición
10 de Agosto, 2004
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Antecedentes. La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) constituye el 30% de los cánceres en la infancia. La enzima L-asparaginasa se incluye en todos los esquemas de tratamiento, pero su administración puede acompañarse de complicaciones tromboembólicas graves. Diversos estudios documentaron una disminución de las proteínas anticoagulantes C, S y antitrombina III (ATIII). En esta investigación postulamos la posibilidad de que la L-asparaginasa tenga un efecto agonista plaquetario que contribuya al estado hipercoagulable en la LLA. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron quince pacientes menores de 12 años con el diagnóstico de LLA de la infancia, sometidos a un protocolo que incluyó la administración de L-asparaginasa, 10 000 U/m2/6 semanas. El grupo control fue integrado por 15 individuos sanos con tiempo de sangrado y cuenta plaquetaria normales. Se efectuó agregometría plaquetaria utilizando varias concentraciones de L-asparaginasa, junto con los agonistas ADP, adrenalina, colágeno y ristocetina. Resultados. La agregometría demostró un efecto proagregante de la L-asparaginasa en plaquetas de pacientes con LLA y en las de voluntarios normales. Conclusión. La L-asparaginasa actúa como agonista plaquetario in vitro y podría conducir a un estado de hiperreactividad plaquetaria, que en conjunto con la disminución de anticoagulantes naturales podría desencadenar el estado hipercoagulable en la LLA.

Palabras clave
Agregometría plaquetaria; L-asparaginasa, leucemia linfoblástica aguda; trombosis en le


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Abstract
Background and objectives. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 30% of all childhood malignancies. The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-aspar) constitutes a fundamental component of modern chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of ALL. Its administration however, can be associated with severe thromboembolic complications. Diverse studies have documented a decrease in the natural anticoagulant proteins C, S and antithrombin III (ATIII) in children receiving the enzyme. We postulate the hypothesis that L-asparaginase could have a platelet agonist effect, thus contributing to the hipercoagulable state observed in ALL. Patients and methods. Fifteen children under thirteen years of age with a new diagnosis of ALL were included. The treatment protocol included L-asparaginase, 6 000 UI/m2, twice a week per 6 weeks. Platelet aggregometry included adenosin diphosphate, adrenaline, collagen and ristocetin. Saline dilutions of L-asparaginase were assayed as additional agonists. The control group consisted of 15 normal donors. Results. Platelet aggregometry documented a direct in vitro agonist effect of L-asparaginase on platelets from children with ALL as well as on those of normal donors. Conclusion. L-asparaginase can act as a potent platelet agonist in vitro. This effect could be one additional procoagulant factor and could contribute to the prothrombotic state observed in ALL.

Key words
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; childhood leuke


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
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Especialidades
Principal: Hematología, Oncología
Relacionadas: Farmacología, Medicina Interna, Pediatría



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Jaime-Pérez, José Carlos
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Investigación apoyada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, México), proyecto # 30930-M.
Bibliografía del artículo
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