LAS TECNICAS DE RESCATE EN LA CANULACION BILIAR DIFICIL

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica es la técnica de elección en el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades biliopancreáticas. La canulación selectiva del conducto deseado (biliar o pancreático) es el punto clave inicial del objetivo terapéutico  
Autor:
Jesús Espinel-diez
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Hospital de León


Artículos publicados por Jesús Espinel-diez
Coautor
María Eugenia Pinedo Ramos* 
Médica, Hospital de León, León, España*
Recepción del artículo
30 de Mayo, 2017
Aprobación
1 de Diciembre, 2017
Primera edición
11 de Diciembre, 2017
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es la técnica de elección para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades biliopancreáticas. La canulación selectiva del conducto deseado (biliar o pancreático) es el punto clave inicial del objetivo terapéutico. Actualmente, la forma más utilizada para conseguir el acceso a la vía biliar, y que podemos denominar "técnica estándar", es la que emplea un esfinterótomo asociado con una guía hidrófila. Cuando dicha canulación estándar falla, existen diferentes alternativas que nos permitirán conseguir la canulación en un alto porcentaje de pacientes. En situaciones de canulación difícil, las técnicas de rescate a utilizar pueden estar condicionadas, entre otras, por el perfil de riesgo de complicaciones del paciente, por la experiencia o las preferencias del endoscopista y por haber conseguido o no previamente la canulación del conducto pancreático. Si se consiguió la canulación del conducto pancreático puede intentarse la técnica de doble guía, la esfinterotomía transpancreática y el precorte de aguja sobre prótesis pancreática. Si no se consiguió la canulación del conducto pancreático, probablemente la mejor opción sea una fistulotomía. Es conveniente conocer, en el contexto de una canulación difícil, cuándo hay que decidir la finalización de la prueba, principalmente si no existe una urgencia de drenaje de la vía biliar para el paciente. En estos casos debemos considerar repetir el procedimiento unos días más tarde. Si la urgencia del paciente es evidente, puede intentarse el acceso de la vía biliar asistido por técnicas alternativas.

Palabras clave
pancreatitis aguda, colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica, esfinterotomía transpancreática, esfinterotomía de aguja, canulación dificil


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-5.8 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the technique of choice in treating different biliopancreatic diseases. Selective cannulation of the desired duct (biliary or pancreatic) is the initial key point of the therapeutic goal. Currently, the most used method to obtain access to the bile duct is what we can call "standard technique", which uses the sphincterotome associated with a hydrophilic guide. When such standard cannulation fails, there are different alternatives that will allow us to achieve cannulation in a high percentage of patients. In situations of difficult cannulation the rescue techniques may be conditioned by the risk profile of the patient's complications, by the experience and/or preferences of the endoscopist, or by whether or not he has previously been able to cannulate the pancreatic duct. If cannulation of the pancreatic duct is achieved, the double guide technique, and needle precut on pancreatic prosthesis can be attempted. If cannulation of the pancreatic duct is not achieved, fistulotomy is probably the best option. In the case of a difficult cannulation, it is important to know when to decide the end of the test, especially if there is no urgency to drain the bile duct. In these cases we should consider repeating the procedure a few days later. If the patient's urgency is evident, access to the bile duct assisted by alternative techniques can be attempted.

Key words
acute pancreatitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, transpancreatic sphincterotomy, needle knife sphincterotomy, difficult cannulation


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Gastroenterología
Relacionadas: Anestesiología, Medicina Interna



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 5.8 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Enviar correspondencia a:
Jesús Espinel Diez, Santos Olivera 30, León, España
Bibliografía del artículo
1. Testoni PA, Testoni S, Giussani A. Difficult biliary cannulation during ERCP: how to facilitate biliary access and minimize the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Dig Liver Dis 43(8):596-603, 2011.
2. Siegel JH, Pullano W. Two new methods for selective bile duct cannulation and sphincterotomy. Gastrointest Endosc 33:438-440, 1987.
3. Lee TH, Jung YK, Park SH. Preparation of high-risk patients and the choice of guidewire for a successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure. Clin Endosc 47:334-340, 2014.
4. Lee TH, Park do H. Endoscopic prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 20:16582-16595, 2014.
5. Lella F, Bagnolo F, Colombo E, Bonassi U. A simple way of avoiding post-ERCP pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 59:830-834, 2004.
6. Artifon EL, Sakai P, Cunha JE, Halwan B, Ishioka S, Kumar A. Guide-wire cannulation reduces risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and facilitates bile duct cannulation. Am J Gastroenterol 102:2147-2153, 2007.
7. Bailey AA, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ, et al. A prospective randomized trial of cannulation technique in ERCP: effects on technical success and post-ERCP pancreatitis. Endoscopy 40:296-301, 2008.
8. Katsinelos P, Paroutoglou G, Kountouras J, et al. A comparative study of standard ERCP catheter and hydrophilic guide wire in the selective cannulation of the common bile duct. Endoscopy 40:302-307, 2008.
9. Cheung J, Tsoi KK, Quan WL, Lau JY, Sung JJ. Guidewire versus conventional contrast cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 70:1211-1219, 2009.
10. Lee TH, Park DH, Park JY, et al. Can wire-guided cannulation prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis? A prospective randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 69(3 Pt 1):444-449, 2009.
11. Mariani A, Giussani A, Di Leo M, Testoni S, Testoni PA. Guidewire biliary cannulation does not reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis compared with the contrast injection technique in low-risk and high-risk patients. Gastrointest Endosc 75:339-346, 2012.
12. Tse F, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P, Leontiadis GI. Guidewire-assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD009662, 2012.
13. Testoni PA, Mariani A, Aabakken L, et al. Papillary cannulation and sphincterotomy techniques at ERCP: European Society of Gastrointesti- nal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy 48:657-683, 2016.
14. Liao WC, Angsuwatcharakon P, Isayama H, et al. International consensus recommendations for difficult biliary access. Gastrointest Endosc 85:295-304, 2017.
15. Dumonceau JM, Deviere J, Cremer M. A new method of achieving deep cannulation of the common bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopy 30:S80, 1998.
16. Freeman ML, Guda NM. ERCP cannulation: a review of reported techniques. Gastrointest Endosc 61:112-125, 2005.
17. Maeda S, Hayashi H, Hosokawa O, et al. Prospective randomized pilot trial of selective biliary cannulation using pancreatic guide-wire placement. Endoscopy 35:721-724, 2003.
18. Herreros de Tejada A, Calleja JL, Díaz G, et al. Double-guidewire technique for difficult bile duct cannulation: a multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 70:700-709, 2009.
19. Buxbaum J, Leonor P, Tung J, et al. Randomized trial of endoscopist-controlled vs. assistant-controlled wire-guided cannulation of the bile duct. Am J Gastroenterol 111:1841-1847, 2016.
20. Enns R, Eloubeidi MA, Mergener K, et al. ERCP-related perforations: risk factors and management. Endoscopy 34:293-298, 2002.
21. Goff JS. Common bile duct pre-cut sphincterotomy: transpancreatic sphincter approach. Gastrointest Endosc 41:502-505, 1995.
22. Espinel J. Acceso a la vía biliar mediante esfinterotomía transpancreática. Gastroenterol Hepatol 29:281-285, 2006.
23. Goff JS. Long-term experience with the transpancreatic sphincter pre-cut approach to biliary sphincterotomy. Gastrointest Endosc 50:642-645, 1999.
24. Weber A, Roesch T, Pointner S, et al. Transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy for cannulation of inaccessible common bile duct: a safe and successful technique. Pancreas 36:187-191, 2008.
25. Kahaleh M, Tokar J, Mullick T, Bickston SJ, Yeaton P. Prospective evaluation of pancreatic sphincterotomy as a precut technique for biliary cannulation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:971-977, 2004.
26. Catalano MF, Linder JD, Geenen JE. Endoscopic transpancreatic papillary septotomy for inaccessible obstructed bile ducts: comparison with standard pre-cut papillotomy. Gastrointest Endosc 60:557-561, 2004.
27. Huibregtse K, Katon RM, Tytgat GN. Precut papillotomy via fine-needle knife papillotome: A safe and effective technique. Gastrointest Endosc 32:403-5, 1986.
28. Espinel J, Vivas S, Munoz F, Dominguez A, Villanueva R, Jorquera F, et al. Esfinterotomía de aguja como técnica de acceso a la vía biliar: estudio prospectivo. Gastroenterol Hepatol 28:369-74, 2005.
29. Song BJ, Kang DH. Prevention of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: the endoscopic technique. Clin Endosc 47:217-221, 2014.
30. Mavrogiannis C, Liatsos C, Romanos A, Petoumenos C, Nakos A, Karvountzis G. Needle-knife fistulotomy versus needle-knife precut papillotomy for the treatment of common bile duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc 50:334-339, 1999.
31. Katsinelos P, Gkagkalis S, Chatzimavroudis G, et al. Comparison of three types of precut technique to achieve common bile duct cannulation: a retrospective analysis of 274 cases. Dig Dis Sci 57:3286-3292, 2012.
32. Lee TH, Bang BW, Park SH, Jeong S, Lee DH, Kim SJ. Precut fistulotomy for difficult biliary cannulation: is it a risky preference in relation to the experience of an endoscopist? Dig Dis Sci 56:1896-1903, 2011.
33. Akaraviputh T, Lohsiriwat V, Swangsri J, Methasate A, Leelakusolvong S, Lertakayamanee N. The learning curve for safety and success of precut sphincterotomy for therapeutic ERCP: a single endoscopist's experience. Endoscopy 40:513-516, 2008.
34. Robison LS, Varadarajulu S, Wilcox CM. Safety and success of precut biliary sphincterotomy: is it linked to experience or expertise? World J Gastroenterol 13:2183-2186, 2007.
35. Navaneethan U, Konjeti R, Venkatesh PG, Sanaka MR, Parsi MA. Early precut sphincterotomy and the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography related complications: an updated meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 6:200-208, 2014.
36. Sundaralingam P, Masson P, Bourke MJ. Early precut sphincterotomy does not increase risk during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with difficult biliary access: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:1722-1729.e2, 2015.
37. Reddy DN, Nabi Z, Lakhtakia S. How to improve cannulation rates during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterology 152(6):1275-1279, 2017.
38. Lee TH, Park SH. Optimal use of wire-assisted techniques and precut sphincterotomy. Clin Endosc 49(5):467-474, 2016.
39. Espinel J, Pinedo E. Two-sphincterotomes-in-one-channel method: help in cannulation and sphincterotomy. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 103(7):375-6, 2011.
40. Skinner M, Popa D, Neumann H, et al. ERCP with the overtube-assisted enteroscopy technique: a systematic review. Endoscopy 46:560-572, 2014.
41. Espinel J. Pinedo ME, Ojeda V, Guerra M. Laparoscopic transgastric ERCP in bariatric surgery patients: how i do it. Rev Esp Enferm Dig (en prensa).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618
Inicio/Home

Copyright siicsalud © 1997-2024 ISSN siicsalud: 1667-9008