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TRATAMENTO DO TRANSTORNO DEPRESSIVO MAIOR DO DIABETES

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Revisão crítica da literatura sobre o tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior no diabetes utilizando como base os artigos publicados no medline, isi, scopus e Lilacs. Incluiremos trabalhos que utilizarem metodologia rigorosa incluindo prioritariamente os artigos com antidepressivos e desenho duplo cego mas também incluiremos trabalhos com intervensões psicossociais e trabalhos investigando tratamentos como estimulação magnética transcraniana e mesmo eletroconvulsoterapia.
Autor:
Renério Fráguas
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Universidade de São Paulo


Artículos publicados por Renério Fráguas
Coautor
Simone Maria de Santa Rita Soares* 
Universidade de São Paulo, San Pablo, Brasil*
Recepción del artículo
5 de Julio, 2011
Aprobación
8 de Septiembre, 2012
Primera edición
4 de Octubre, 2012
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
O diabetes mellitus possui elevada prevalência, sendo que o tipo 2 acomete ao redor de 13% da população. Em torno de 20 a 30% desses pacientes apresentam depressão. A depressão pode interferir no diabetes de diversas maneiras, funcionando como um fator de risco para seu início, piorando os sintomas, interferindo com o auto-cuidado e aumentando a mortalidade. Entre os tratamentos disponíveis, a psicoterapia é efetiva para casos leves e moderados incluindo a possibilidade de melhorar os níveis glicêmicos. Estratégias colaborativas também se mostraram eficazes para tratar a depressão, entretanto o benefício sobre o controle glicêmico ainda precisa ser comprovado. Há evidências de que alguns inibidores seletivos de recaptura de serotonina (ISRSs) melhoram os níveis glicêmicos e podem reduzir a taxa de recaídas, sendo boas opções de tratamento farmacológico. Antidepressivos inibidores da recaptura de serotonina e noradrenalina (IRSNs) tem-se mostrado eficazes para tratar a depressão e relativamente neutros em relação ao efeito sobre o controle glicêmico. A bupropiona não tem sido associada a um aumento de níveis glicêmicos e pode ser uma boa estratégia, mas ainda foi pouco estudada em pacientes com diabetes. Estudos são necessários para avaliar o efeito da mirtazapina, trazodone e agomelatina em pacientes com depressão e diabetes. Os antidepressivos tricíclicos, em especial os com maior ação noradrenérgica e os inibidores da monoamino oxidase, são eficazes para tratar a depressão, más tem sido associados à piora do controle glicêmico. A eletroconvulsoterapia (ECT) também é efetiva nesses pacientes, sendo necessário no entanto, uma monitorização da glicemia. Medicamentos utilizados para potencializar o tratamento antidepressivo, em particular os antipsicóticos, tem sido associados a ganho de peso, o que é preocupante nesses pacientes.

Palabras clave
trastorno depresivo mayor, transtorno depressivo maior, diabetes, diabetes


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-7.37 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has a high prevalence, the type 2 occurs in around 13% of the population. Twenty to 30% of these patients have a depressive disorder. Depression cause a negative impact to diabetes in many ways, being a risk factor for its development, worsening symptoms, interfering with self-care and increasing mortality. Among available treatments, there is an advantage of psychotherapy for cases of mild and moderate severity including the possibility to improve the glycemic control. Collaborative care has also been effective to treat depression, but the benefit for the glycemic control still needs to be proven. There is evidence that some serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may efficiently treat depression, reduce its recurrence and improve the glycemic levels, being good choices to treat these patients. Noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants have shown efficacy in treating depression and a relative neutral influence on the glycemic control. The Bupropion has not shown an increase in glycemic levels and may be a good strategy, but few studies have investigated its use in patients with diabetes. Studies are needed to show the effect of Mirtazapine, trazodone and agomelatine in patients with depression and diabetes. Tricyclic antidepressants, especially those with more noradrenergic profile and irreversible monoamino oxidase inhibitors, have shown efficacy in treating depression, but are associated with worsening of glycemic control. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is also effective in these patients, but close monitoring of blood glucose is required. Medicines that have been used to potentiate the antidepressant treatment, particularly the antipsychotics, have been associated with weight gain which is a concern for these patients.

Key words
major depressive disorder, diabetes


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Diabetología, Salud Mental
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Geriatría, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Renério Fráguas, Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Psiquiatria Faculdade de Medicina, San Pablo, Brasil
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