REVISION TERAPEUTICA DE LA ECLAMPSIA Y EL SINDROME HELLP

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La preeclampsia es el diagnóstico principal cuando una embarazada presenta hipertensión y proteinuria. El objetivo inicial es confirmar el diagnóstico y evaluar la gravedad. El tratamiento definitivo es el nacimiento, a fin de prevenir la aparición de complicaciones maternas o fetales debido a la progresión de la enfermedad.
cetin9.jpg Autor:
Ali Cetin
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine


Artículos publicados por Ali Cetin
Recepción del artículo
5 de Agosto, 2007
Aprobación
7 de Enero, 2008
Primera edición
21 de Enero, 2009
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La preeclampsia es el diagnóstico principal cuando una mujer embarazada presenta hipertensión arterial y proteinuria. El objetivo inicial es confirmar el diagnóstico, y evaluar la gravedad de la enfermedad, si es leve o grave. El tratamiento definitivo de la preeclampsia es el nacimiento, a fin de prevenir la aparición de complicaciones maternas o fetales debido a la progresión de la enfermedad. La decisión sobre el nacimiento del feto se basa en la edad gestacional, las condiciones fetales y maternas, y la gravedad de la preeclampsia. En las pacientes a término se realizará el parto, pero el nacimiento de los prematuros no siempre conlleva el mejor pronóstico para el feto. Como resultado, el tratamiento conservador es frecuentemente considerado en mujeres seleccionadas con edades gestacionales bajas. El sulfato de magnesio es la droga de elección para la prevención de la eclampsia y de las convulsiones eclámpticas recurrentes. En el síndrome HELLP, el pilar fundamental de la terapéutica, también es el nacimiento. Las indicaciones del parto de urgencia incluyen: la edad gestacional mayor o igual a 34 semanas, el feto no viable, la presencia de enfermedad materna grave como disfunción multiorgánica, coagulación intravascular diseminada, hemorragia o infarto hepáticos, insuficiencia renal y desprendimiento de placenta. En esta revisión se analiza el tratamiento de la preeclampsia con sus formas graves: la eclampsia y el síndrome HELLP.

Palabras clave
preeclampsia, eclampsia, síndrome HELLP, hipertensión


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Abstract
Preeclampsia is the leading diagnosis whenever hypertension and proteinuria are noted in a pregnant woman. The initial goal is to support the diagnosis, and to assess the severity of disease, whether mild or severe. The definitive treatment of preeclampsia is delivery to prevent development of maternal or fetal complications from disease progression. Whether or not to deliver the fetus is based upon gestational age, maternal and fetal condition, and the severity of preeclampsia. Patients at term are delivered, but preterm delivery is not always in the best interests of the fetus. As a result, a more conservative approach is often considered in selected women remote from term. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for the prevention of eclampsia and prevention of recurrent eclamptic seizures. In the management of HELLP syndrome, the cornerstone of therapy is delivery. Pregnancies = 34 weeks of gestation, nonreassuring tests of fetal status, presence of severe maternal disease such as multiorgan dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver infarction or hemorrhage, renal failure, or abruptio placenta necessitate prompt delivery. In this review, management of preeclampsia with its severe forms, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome, is discussed.

Key words
preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, hypertension


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Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Obstetricia y Ginecología
Relacionadas: Anestesiología, Atención Primaria, Cardiología, Enfermería, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna, Pediatría



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Ali Cetin, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58140, Sivas, Turquía
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