FACTORES ANGIOGENICOS Y HEMOSTASICOS EN EL CANCER COLORRECTAL

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Se necesitan factores pronósticos y predictivos que permitan ajustar los tratamientos al riesgo específico que presenta de cada paciente con cáncer colorrectal. Los factores angiogénicos y hemostáticos pueden constituir una herramienta predictiva sencilla y eficaz.
gilbazo9.jpg Autor:
Ignacio Gil bazo
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Departamento de Oncología. Clínica Universitaria. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra


Artículos publicados por Ignacio Gil bazo
Coautores
Victoria Catalán* José Antonio Páramo** José Javier Sola*** José Luis Hernández Lizoáin**** Jesús García Foncillas***** 
Doctora en Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología. Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España*
Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía, Departamento de Hematología. Clínica Universitaria. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España**
Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. Clínica Universitaria. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España***
Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía, Departamento de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo. Clínica Universitaria. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España****
Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía, Departamento de Oncología. Laboratorio de Biotecnología. Clínica Universitaria. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España*****
Recepción del artículo
23 de Agosto, 2006
Aprobación
31 de Octubre, 2006
Primera edición
24 de Noviembre, 2006
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Las plaquetas implicadas en la angiogénesis tumoral secretan factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF). Los niveles de inhibidor del activador de plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1) podrían regular la degradación de la matriz extracelular durante la angiogénesis. Durante este proceso tiene lugar la activación del sistema de la coagulación-fibrinólisis, que representa un evento clínico desfavorable. El factor de Von Willebrand (vWf), el dímero D (DD) y el fibrinógeno son marcadores sensibles de estos procesos. El recuento de plaquetas y los niveles de VEGF, PAI-1, vWf, DD y fibrinógeno podrían predecir la evolución clínica en pacientes con cáncer. En este estudio correlacionamos los niveles de VEGF, PAI-1, vWf, DD y fibrinógeno en pacientes con carcinoma colorrectal (CCR) en estadios I a IV sometidos a cirugía, a quimioterapia o a ambos métodos, con el análisis patológico/inmunohistoquímico en pacientes en estadios I-III y con la respuesta al tratamiento, y el riesgo de muerte en pacientes en estadio IV. Treinta y dos pacientes con CCR localizado o localmente avanzado y 32 con CCR metastático fueron evaluados. Las muestras sanguíneas se extrajeron antes de la cirugía y antes y después de la quimioterapia basada en fluoropirimidinas. Los enfermos en estadio IV recibieron una mediana de 3 ciclos de quimioterapia, entre muestras. En los pacientes en estadio I a III, los niveles basales de VEGF, recuento de plaquetas, fibrinógeno y PAI-1 se correlacionaron con el estadio tumoral. Además, la expresión tumoral de p21 y c-myc se asoció con niveles más elevados de vWf e inferiores de DD, respectivamente. En tumores metastásicos, los niveles prequimioterapia y posquimioterapia de VEGF, PAI-1 y CA19.9 se encontraron relacionados con las tasas de progresión. Concentraciones prequimioterapia elevadas de PAI-1 y posquimioterapia de DD se correlacionaron con un mayor riesgo de progresión. Niveles incrementados de VEGF y fibrinógeno se relacionaron con un riesgo de muerte más alto.

Palabras clave
factores pronósticos, cáncer colorrectal, angiogénesis, coagulación, fibrinólisis


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-10.05 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Platelets involved in tumor angiogenesis are capable of releasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels may regulate matrix degradation during tumor angiogenesis. Clotting-fibrinolytic system activation occurs during this process and represents an unfavourable clinical event. Von Willebrand factor (vWf), D-dimer (DD) and fibrinogen are sensitive markers of clotting and fibrinolysis. Platelet count and VEGF, PAI-1, vWf, DD and fibrinogen may predict clinical outcome in cancer patients. Our aim was to correlate VEGF, PAI-1, vWf, DD and fibrinogen levels in stage I to IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing surgery and/or chemotherapy (CMT) with pathologic/inmunohistochemestry analysis in stage I to III patients and with response to treatment, death risk in stage IV patients. 32 locally advanced and 32 metastatic CRC patients were enrolled. Blood samples were taken before surgery and before and after fluoropyrimidine-based CMT. Stage IV patients received a median of 3 cycles of CMT (range: 2-10) between blood samples. In stage I to III patients, VEGF, platelets, fibrinogen and PAI-1 baseline levels correlated to tumor stage. Additionally, p21 and c-myc tumor expression were associated with higher vWf and lower DD levels, respectively. In metastatic patients, pre and post-CMT VEGF, PAI-1 and CA 19.9 levels were related with progression rates. High VEGF and fibrinogen pre and post-CMT concentrations correlated to a higher death risk.

Key words
prognosis factors, colorectal carcinoma, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, clotting


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Oncología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Hematología, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Ignacio Gil Bazo, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10021, 1275 York Avenue, Box 241, Nueva York, EE.UU.
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
El presente trabajo ha sido financiado mediante una beca de investigación del Gobierno de Navarra.
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