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PERFIL CLINICO E IMUNOLOGICO DAS MANIFESTAÇOES ALERGICAS RESPIRATORIAS EM PACIENTES INFECTADOS COM HTLV-1

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A infecção pelo HTLV-1 (vírus linfotrópico da célula T humana do tipo 1) reduz a freqüência e a gravidade das manifestações clínicas de alergia, a reatividade cutânea a testes alérgicos de leitura imediata e altera o perfil de produção de citocinas Th1 e Th2.
souzamachado9.jpg Autor:
Adelmir Souza-machado
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública

Artículos publicados por Adelmir Souza-machado
Recepción del artículo
13 de Marzo, 2006 		Aprobación
8 de Febrero, 2006
Primera edición
16 de Mayo, 2006 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

PERFIL CLINICO E IMUNOLOGICO DAS MANIFESTAÇOES ALERGICAS RESPIRATORIAS EM PACIENTES INFECTADOS COM HTLV-1

Resumen
Objetivos: Revisar as principais características da infecção pelo HTLV-1 e sua influência sobre a resposta imune tipo 2 em indivíduos atópicos. Métodos: A revisão foi feita a partir de estudos identificados em base de dados MedLine e Lilacs no período de 1980 a 2005. Resultados: O vírus HTLV-1 é um retrovírus que altera funcionalmente células importantes do sistema imune. A resposta imune antiviral e suas conseqüências moduladoras são reguladas principalmente através do gene viral tax. O HTLV-1 tem tropismo por linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+, promove a proliferação espontânea destas células e a elevada produção de IFN. Na infecção pelo HTLV-1, a polarização Th1 da resposta imune reduz a produção de IL4, IgE e a reatividade cutânea imediata. As doenças alérgicas e parasitárias caracterizam-se por manifestações imunológicas predominantemente do tipo 2 com elevação de IL4 e ativação de mastócitos e eosinófilos. Indivíduos infectados com o vírus HTLV-1 por apresentarem forte resposta imune do tipo 1 são mais susceptíveis a infestações por helmintos mas podem atenuar as manifestações alérgicas. Conclusão: A resposta imune contra o HTLV-1 com elevada produção de IFN é ineficaz para a eliminação do vírus, mas promove alteração suficiente para supressão da resposta imune tipo 2 em um subgrupo de indivíduos atópicos.

Palabras clave
retrovírus, HTLV-1, asma, rinite, reatividade cutânea, citocinas


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CLINIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ALLERGIC RESPIRATORY MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HTLV-1

Abstract
Objective: To review the main characteristics of HTLV-1 infection and its influence upon the immune response type 2 in atopic individuals. Methods: This review was made by means of bibliographic raising of data files obtained through MedLine and Lilacs from 1980 to 2005. Results: The HTLV-1 is a retrovirus which functionally alters the cells of the immune system. The antiviral immune response and its modulatory responses are mainly regulated by means of the tax gene. The HTLV-1 has a tropism for CD4+ T-lymphocite, promotes proliferation of this group of cells spontaneously and increases IFN production. The HTLV-1 infection, polarizes the immune response towards a type 1 response and reduces IL4 production, IgE and the immediate skin reactivity. The allergic and parasitic diseases are predominantly characterized by type 2 of immunologic manifestations, enhanced IL4 and activation of mast cells and eosinophils. The HTLV-1 infected individuals show a strong type 1 immune response therefore are susceptable to acquire helminth infestation, but may inhibit allergic manifestations. Conclusions: The immune response against HTLV-1 with increased IFN production is unable to eliminate the virus, but promotes enough disturbance to supress the type 2 of immune response in atopic individuals.

Key words
retrovirus, HTLV-1, asthma, rhinitis, skin reactivity, cytokines

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Alergia
Relacionadas: Infectología, Inmunología, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Adelmir Souza-Machado, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, 41.815-090, Rua Osvaldo Valente 602/1102 Itaigara, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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