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PAPEL DE LAS INFECCIONES VIRALES EN EL ASMA

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Las infecciones virales respiratorias han sido involucradas en el origen y en las exacerbaciones de los síntomas del asma en una variedad de formas. Cada vez hay más indicios de que las infecciones virales están estrechamente relacionadas con sibilancias en la niñez y sugieren que la bronquiolitis grave en la primera infancia puede predisponer a asma crónica infantil.
papadopoulos.jpg Autor:
Nikolaos g. Papadopoulos
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
University of Athens

Artículos publicados por Nikolaos g. Papadopoulos 		Artículo comentado
Dora Felipoff
Hospital Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
Coautor
Paraskevi Xepapadaki* 
MD, PhD, University of Athens, Atenas, Grecia*
Recepción del artículo
2 de Agosto, 2005 		Aprobación
9 de Agosto, 2005
Primera edición
13 de Marzo, 2006 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

PAPEL DE LAS INFECCIONES VIRALES EN EL ASMA

Resumen
Las infecciones virales respiratorias han sido involucradas en el origen y en las exacerbaciones de los síntomas del asma en una variedad de formas. Cada vez hay más indicios de que las infecciones virales están estrechamente relacionadas con sibilancias en la niñez y sugieren que la bronquiolitis grave en la primera infancia puede predisponer a asma crónica infantil; por otra parte, podría representar un marcador de individuos susceptibles. Por el contrario, las infecciones leves repetidas en los primeros años brindarían un efecto protector contra la aparición de asma o atopia mediante la desviación del sistema inmunitario hacia respuestas Th1. Sin embargo, la información relacionada con esta hipótesis no es firme en lo que a virus se refiere. Por otra parte, en presencia de asma, el papel de las infecciones virales sobre las exacerbaciones está bien establecido. Varios factores, como la presencia de atopia, el momento en el que se produce la exposición y la gravedad de las infecciones, interactúan en la relación entre asma e infección. En este artículo se revisan datos acerca de la participación de las infecciones virales en la aparición y progresión del asma.

Palabras clave
Virus respiratorios, rinovirus, VRS, bronquiolitis, asma, atopia, Th1, Th2


Artículo completo
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The role of viral infections in asthma

Abstract
Respiratory viral infections have been implicated in the origin and exacerbation of asthma symptoms in a variety of ways. A growing body of evidence indicates that viral infections are closely linked to infantile wheezing and suggest that severe bronchiolitis in early infancy may predispose to chronic childhood asthma. Alternatively, it could represent a marker of susceptible individuals. In contrast, mild repetitive infections in early years may provide a protective role against the development of asthma or atopy by switching the immune system towards Th1 responses. However, evidence on this hypothesis is not consistent as far as viruses are concerned. On the other hand, in the presence of asthma, the role of viral infections on exacerbations is well established. Several factors, such as the presence of atopy, timing of the exposure and severity of the infections, interactively contribute to the asthma-infection relationship. In the present report, recent data on the involvement of viral infections in the development and progression of asthma are reviewed.

Key words
Respiratory viruses, rhinovirus, RSV, bronchiolitis, asthma, atopy, Th1-Th2


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Especialidades
Principal: Alergia, Infectología
Relacionadas: Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Inmunología, Medicina Interna, Neumonología



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, University of Athens, Atenas, Grecia
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