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COLONOSCOPIA Y POLIPECTOMIA: REVISION Y ACTUALIZACION

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Aspectos básicos y actualizados de la colonoscopia, sus riesgos y beneficios.
nelson9.jpg Autor:
Douglas Nelson
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Staff Physician in Gastroenterology Minneapolis VA Medical Center MI, USA

Artículos publicados por Douglas Nelson
Recepción del artículo
16 de Noviembre, 2004 		Primera edición
17 de Octubre, 2005 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

COLONOSCOPIA Y POLIPECTOMIA: REVISION Y ACTUALIZACION

Resumen
La posibilidad de que un individuo con un riesgo promedio padezca cáncer colorrectal durante su vida es de aproximadamente el 6%. El cáncer colorrectal es la segunda causa principal de mortalidad relacionada con las neoplasias en los Estados Unidos, con cerca de 14 000 nuevos casos diagnosticados y más de medio millón de fallecimientos anuales. La vasta mayoría de estos tumores progresan desde adenomas al cáncer en un período de tiempo prolongado, lo que permite una oportunidad única para intervenir e interrumpir la historia natural de esta enfermedad. Se ha establecido con claridad que la remoción de los adenomas del colon (polipectomía) puede evitar la aparición de cáncer colorrectal. Esta revisión familiarizará a aquellos facultativos que no son endoscopistas con los beneficios esperados y con los riesgos de la colonoscopia, los principios básicos del procedimiento y los aspectos técnicos del equipamiento, así como sobre los avances más recientes y sus controversias.

Palabras clave
Colonoscopia, endoscopia, polipectomía, cáncer colorrectal, neoplasias colónicas


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COLONOSCOPY AND POLYPECTOMY: OVERVIEW AND UPDATE

Abstract
The chance of an average-risk individual developing colorectal cancer in their lifetime is approximately 6%. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, with approximately 140 000 new cases diagnosed and over 50 000 deaths annually. The vast majority of colorectal cancers progress from adenomas to cancer over a long time period, which allows a unique opportunity to intervene and interrupt the natural history of this disease. It has now been well established that the removal of adenomas from the colon (polypectomy) can prevent the development of colorectal cancer. The present review will familiarize the non-endoscopist with the expected benefits and risks of colonoscopy, basic principles of the procedure and technical aspects of the equipment, as well as recent advances and controversies.

Key words
Colonoscopy, endoscopy, polypectomy, colorectal cancer, colonic neoplasms


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Especialidades
Principal: Gastroenterología
Relacionadas: Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Medicina Interna



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