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LA TERAPIA CON AEROSOLES EN EL ASMA BRONQUIAL

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El cumplimiento y el éxito en el tratamiento del asma no dependen del dispositivo que se utilice para administrar la droga sino de la elección del sistema adecuado para cada caso y de la técnica de inhalación.
sunita9.jpg Autor:
Sunita Sharma
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Department of Pharmacology Indira Gandhi Medical College Mayo Hospital Nagpur, India

Artículos publicados por Sunita Sharma
Recepción del artículo
14 de Septiembre, 2004 		Aprobación
3 de Noviembre, 2004
Primera edición
14 de Julio, 2005 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

LA TERAPIA CON AEROSOLES EN EL ASMA BRONQUIAL

Resumen
La administración de medicamentos en aerosol es la vía lógica en el tratamiento del asma debido a que la llegada de la droga a la pequeña vía aérea es máxima y los efectos sistémicos no deseados disminuyen al mínimo. Actualmente, la mayoría de las drogas que se utilizan para el manejo del asma están formuladas en aerosol y existen distintos sistemas de administración que dirigen la medicación al paciente, como nebulizadores, inhaladores con dosis medida con espaciador o sin éste, inhaladores de polvo. Aun así es difícil determinar con exactitud a qué lugar del pulmón debe dirigirse la medicación y cuál es el sistema de administración más efectivo. Con el propósito de superar las desventajas de los sistemas de administración en aerosol, se introducen nuevos sistemas. La selección del sistema depende de muchos factores entre los que se incluyen: la edad del paciente, la habilidad para cooperar, la gravedad del asma entre otros. Mientras los estudios demuestran las ventajas de un dispositivo en relación con otro, los expertos recomiendan que la técnica de inhalación es más importante que el dispositivo en sí mismo. Esta revisión ilustra acerca de los diferentes sistemas de administración de aerosoles, sus ventajas y desventajas y ofrece una guía para la selección del sistema de administración más adecuado.

Palabras clave
Aerosoles, asma bronquial, inhaladores


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AEROSOL THERAPY IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Abstract
Aerosol delivery of medication is the logical route for asthma therapy since drug delivery to the small airway is maximized, while undesirable systemic effects are minimized. Currently most classes of drugs used for asthma management are available as aerosol formulation and various aerosol delivery systems which generate and direct aerosols towards the patient are available (i.e. nebulizers, metered dose inhalers with or without spacer and dry powder inhalers). Still, it is difficult to tell exactly where within the lung particular medication is to be targeted and which system will be useful. To overcome the drawbacks in the present aerosol delivery systems new aerosol delivery systems are being introduced. The selection of aerosol delivery system depends on many factors including patient's age, ability to co-operate, asthma severity and others. While studies demonstrated advantages of one device over the other, experts recommend that the technique of inhalation is more important than the device itself. This review therefore highlights different aerosol delivery systems, their advantages and disadvantages and a broad guideline on the selection of the appropriate delivery system.

Key words
Aerosol, bronchial asthma, metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhaler, nebulizer


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Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
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Especialidades
Principal: Medicina Farmacéutica, Neumonología
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Farmacología, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Sharma, Sunita
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Agradecimiento: La autora agradece especialmente a Veronica Sprayberry, coordinadora académica del Departamento de Farmacología de UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, por su revisión del inglés.
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