LOS MITOS EN TORNO DE LA RELACION ENTRE PRESION SANGUINEA Y FLUJO

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Esta revisión pone de manifiesto la importancia del tratamiento de la hipotensión teniendo en cuenta los diferentes mecanismos implicados en su fisiopatología y el papel del tratamiento con vasopresores, cuya administración, en algunos casos, podría ser perjudicial.  
Autor:
Peter Roessler
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Windsor Private Hospital


Artículos publicados por Peter Roessler
Artículo comentado
Marianna García-Saldivia
Médica especialista en Cardiología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México, México
Recepción del artículo
28 de Junio, 2017
Aprobación
1 de Diciembre, 2017
Primera edición
15 de Diciembre, 2017
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La hipotensión asociada con la vasodilatación inducida por el uso de agentes anestésicos es muy frecuente, un fenómeno que ha motivado la utilización casi generalizada de vasopresores, con la finalidad de restaurar la presión sanguínea a los niveles registrados antes de la anestesia. En Australia, entre todas las medicaciones que se usan en la anestesia, el costo de los vasopresores es un factor significativo en los costos de los sistemas de salud. La utilización de vasopresores debe basarse en los posibles beneficios y riesgos asociados. Desde hace tiempo se acepta que la presión arterial debe mantenerse con la finalidad de preservar la perfusión. Sin embargo, la evaluación detallada indica que este concepto podría surgir de la interpretación errónea de las leyes básicas de la física, como las leyes de Newton y de Ohm. En este trabajo se propone, en función de los principios de la física, que sólo las fuerzas pueden motivar el aceleramiento de los objetos. Para que la presión sea un conductor del flujo, debería ser una fuerza. Sin embargo, la presión es el resultado de fuerzas que actúan sobre una superficie determinada y, por ende, no representa en sí misma una fuerza y no puede ser un conductor de flujo. El flujo sanguíneo es resultado del equilibrio entre las fuerzas de propulsión y de resistencia; en este contexto se debe reconsiderar el supuesto beneficio de aumentar las fuerzas de resistencia, un fenómeno que, en realidad, motivará una reducción del flujo. En el estudio se cuestiona el uso de vasopresores, como también la relación básica, ampliamente aceptada, entre la presión sanguínea y el flujo sanguíneo.

Palabras clave
presión arterial, flujo sanguíneo, vasopresores, perfusión, hipotensión, vasodilatación, anestésicos


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-6.44 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Hypotension resulting from vasodilatation associated with administration of anaesthetic agents is very common. This has resulted in the almost ubiquitous use of vasopressors with a view to restoring blood pressure to pre-anaesthesia levels. In Australia, of all the medications used in anaesthesia, the cost of vasopressors is a significant factor in contributing to healthcare costs. The rationale for use of vasopressors warrants consideration with regard to their benefits as well as potential harm arising from their use. It has long been accepted that blood pressure needs to be maintained in order to maintain perfusion. However, on close scrutiny such thinking may simply be a misinterpretation of the basic laws of physics with respect to both Newton’s laws and Ohm’s law. This article develops the physics-based argument that only forces can cause objects to accelerate. For pressure to be a driver of flow it must therefore be a force. However, pressure is the result of forces acting over an area, and consequently is not a force in itself. Therefore, it cannot be a driver of flow. Blood flow is the result of the balance of propulsive and resistive forces, which raises the question as to the benefit of increasing resistive forces, which in fact will reduce flow. The use of vasopressors is challenged in this article as is the basic accepted relationship between blood pressure and blood flow.

Key words
hypotension, blood pressure, blood flow, vasopressors, perfusion, vasodilatation, anaesthetics


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Anestesiología, Cuidados Intensivos
Relacionadas: Cardiología, Educación Médica, Emergentología, Farmacología, Medicina Farmacéutica



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