CARCINOMA VESICAL DE CELULAS PEQUEÑAS: ACTUALIZACION

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El infrecuente carcinoma vesical de células pequeñas requiere técnicas inmunohistoquímicas para su confirmación histopatológica. Los regímenes quimioterapéuticos complementarios basados en el cisplatino han supuesto un avance en términos pronósticos.
cruzguerra9.jpg Autor:
Nicolás alberto Cruz guerra
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora


Artículos publicados por Nicolás alberto Cruz guerra
Coautores
Tomás Zamora Martínez*  Alberto del Valle Manteca*  Teresa de Portugal Fernández del Rivero** 
Especialista en Anatomía Patológica*
Especialista en Oncología Médica**
Recepción del artículo
27 de Enero, 2006
Aprobación
7 de Marzo, 2006
Primera edición
6 de Junio, 2006
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El carcinoma de células pequeñas supone un 0.5-0.7% del total de los tumores malignos de la vejiga urinaria. Existen tres teorías principales acerca de su histogénesis: derivación a partir de determinadas células neuroendocrinas; metaplasia surgida a partir de otras neoplasias malignas de alto grado; u origen a partir de una célula madre pluripotencial. Las manifestaciones clínicas, pruebas de imagen y cistoscopia resultan inespecíficas. Se han descrito tres tipos histopatológicos, que coexisten a veces con otra neoplasia local diferente (generalmente carcinoma transicional). El diagnóstico anatomopatológico se apoya en técnicas inmunohistoquímicas de detección de la expresión de determinados marcadores. Hasta en un 94% y 56% a 67% de los casos presenta invasión muscular y metástasis, respectivamente, en el momento del diagnóstico. La supervivencia media a cinco años es del 8%. El pronóstico se vincula clásicamente con el estadio clínico presente, aunque existe probabilidad de micrometástasis previas al diagnóstico incluso en enfermedad aparentemente confinada. La cirugía sin tratamiento complementario ha proporcionado resultados insatisfactorios. La opción más generalizada es la combinación de cirugía y quimioterapia basada sobre todo en el cisplatino. La combinación (sin cirugía radical) de radioterapia y administración de agentes antineoplásicos en un intento de preservación vesical parece ofrecer asimismo resultados satisfactorios.

Palabras clave
carcinoma de células pequeñas, vejiga, cirugía, agentes antineoplásicos, radioterapia


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Abstract
Small cell carcinoma comprises 0.5-0.7% of the total amount of malignant tumors from the urinary bladder. There are three main theories regarding its histogenesis: derivation from some particular neuroendocrine cells; metaplasia which starts from other high-grade malignant neoplasms; or origin from stem cells. Clinical manifestations, imaging, and cistoscopy have no specificity. Three histopatological types have been described, sometimes coexisting with another different local neoplasm (usually transitional carcinoma). The anatomicopathological diagnosis relies on immunohistochemical techniques which detect the expression of several markers. Up to 94% and 56-67% of cases present at diagnosis muscular invasion and metastases, respectively. Mean five-year survival is 8%. Prognosis has been generally linked to the present clinical stage, although there is probability of pre-diagnosis micrometastases, even with apparent confined disease. Surgery without compementary therapy has provided unsatisfactory outcomes. The most generalized option is a combination of surgery plus cysplatin-based chemotherapy. Association of radiotherapy with antineoplastic agents (without radical surgery), as an attempt for bladder preservation, also seems to offer reliability.

Key words
radiotherapy, antineoplastic agents, surgery, bladder, small cells carcinoma


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Urología
Relacionadas: Anatomía Patológica, Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Oncología



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Nicolás Al Cruz Guerra, Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora , 49003, Av. de Requejo nº 24, Portal 1, 10º D, Zamora, España
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