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RELACION DE LOS CANCERES DE PROSTATA Y DE MAMA CON EL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Los cánceres de mama y de próstata están entre las principales causas de mortalidad en Occidente. Su relación, probada o probable, con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, adquiere una relevancia particular, teniendo en cuenta el aumento alarmante en el consumo de alcohol en todas las edades.
castro9_80310.jpg Autor:
Gerardo Castro
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Asociación Toxicológica Argentina


Artículos publicados por Gerardo Castro
Coautor
José A. Castro* 
Asociación Toxicológica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina*
Recepción del artículo
30 de Mayo, 2010
Aprobación
30 de Julio, 2010
Primera edición
27 de Septiembre, 2010
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Además del hábito de fumar y de la alimentación, el consumo de alcohol es uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes para los cánceres humanos. Las localizaciones del organismo asociadas con este riesgo incluyen el tracto aerodigestivo superior, hígado, mama, colon, recto y, con algún grado de incertidumbre, estómago, próstata y pulmón. Aquí analizamos el mecanismo por el cual el consumo de alcohol promueve la inducción de cáncer en las etapas del proceso de iniciación y promoción de los cánceres de mama y de próstata. Se hace énfasis especialmente en la necesidad de una biotransformación del etanol al mutágeno/carcinógeno acetaldehído y de la estimulación de un proceso de generación de radicales libres del propio alcohol y de especies reactivas de oxígeno. En recientes estudios en nuestro laboratorio encontramos nuevas vías metabólicas para la generación in situ de metabolitos reactivos del etanol, en mama y próstata de rata y la aparición de un daño celular asociado. Visualizamos el efecto estimulador del consumo de alcohol sobre la activación de otros carcinógenos ambientales, su capacidad para inhibir procesos de reparación de daños en el ADN, sobre el sistema inmunitario y en la progresión del proceso carcinogénico. Señalamos posibilidades preventivas que surgen más allá de evitar el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, que involucran sustancias protectoras componentes de la dieta.

Palabras clave
alcohol, mama, próstata, cáncer


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-9.1 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
In addition to smoking and diet, alcohol intake is one of the most important risk factors for human cancers. Body areas associated with this risk include the upper aero-digestive tract, liver, colon, and rectum, and with a lesser degree of certainty, the stomach, prostate, and lungs. Here we discuss the mechanism by which alcohol consumption advances cancer induction at the initiation and promotion stages of breast and prostate cancers. Special emphasis is placed on the need for ethanol biotransformation into mutagenic/carcinogenic acetaldehyde, and the stimulation of a free radical generation process of the alcohol itself and the production of some reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent studies in our laboratory we have found new metabolic pathways for the in situ production of reactive metabolites of ethanol in the prostate and breasts of rats and the occurrence of associated cellular damage. We were able to visualize the stimulatory effect of alcohol consumption on the activation of other environmental carcinogens, its ability to hinder the repair process of damaged DNA, its effects on the immune system and on the progression of the carcinogenic process. We also suggest some preventive measures that could be applied apart from avoiding the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain protective substances that are components of the usual daily diet.

Key words
alcohol, breast, prostate, cancer


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Oncología, Toxicología
Relacionadas: Anatomía Patológica, Atención Primaria, Medicina Interna, Nutrición, Obstetricia y Ginecología



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Gerardo Castro, Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas (Ceitox, Citedef-Conicet)., Buenos Aires, Argentina
Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Las investigaciones de nuestro laboratorio mencionadas en este trabajo han contado con el financiamiento de CONICET, de ANPCyT y de la Universidad Nacional de General San Martín.
Bibliografía del artículo


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