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O DIAGNOSTICO DE DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSIVEIS, ATUALIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Doenças Sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) são causas importantes de morbidade e mortalidade em todo mundo, ocorrendo anualmente em milhões de casos e por diferentes agentes infecciosos
simoes9.jpg Autor:
Augusto Simões-barbosa
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por Augusto Simões-barbosa
Coautores
Joaquim Xavier1;2*  Isabel Irene Rama Leal2**  Tânia Wanderley Paes Barbosa2** 
Universidade Católica de Brasília. Hospital Regional da Asa Norte – HRAN, DF, Brasil*
Hospital Regional da Asa Norte – HRAN, DF, Brasil**
Recepción del artículo
10 de Diciembre, 2003 		Aprobación
9 de Enero, 2004
Primera edición
5 de Febrero, 2004 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

O DIAGNOSTICO DE DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSIVEIS, ATUALIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS

Resumen
Doenças Sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) são causas importantes de morbidade e mortalidade em todo mundo, ocorrendo anualmente em milhões de casos e por diferentes agentes infecciosos como: Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Papilomavirus humano (HPV), e o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida humana (HIV). As DSTs tiveram sua incidência aumentada com a pandemia da AIDS e, em países em desenvolvimento, estão entre as 5 principais causas de procura por serviços de saúde. O diagnóstico laboratorial de DSTs é baseado em exame microscópico das células e secreções, dentre os quais destaca-se o Papanicolaou, testes sorológicos e isolamento microbiológico. No entanto, a era genômica vem mostrando as identidades genéticas de vários microorganismos patogênicos ao homem, com isso as DSTs podem ser identificadas através do diagnóstico molecular, o qual usa sondas de DNA com total identidade ou grande similaridade à seqüências conservadas do genoma dos agentes infecciosos. Com o conhecimento dessas diferentes seqüências é possível que se desenvolva métodos mais eficientes de diagnóstico. Tal qual a captura híbrida para detecção do HPV, um dilema há de ser enfrentado pelos países em desenvolvimento: o custo. Acreditamos que a melhor maneira de se enfrentar esta situação é o investimento em pesquisa e biotecnologia para que os próprios países em desenvolvimento alcancem seu sustento na produção de medicamentos e tecnologias de diagnóstico.

Palabras clave
DST, diagnóstico molecular, HPV, Papanicolaou.


Artículo completo
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UPDATE AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Abstract
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are considered important human infections due to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Millions of infections are registered every year as a result of several pathogens, such as: Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Human Papilomavirus (HPV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). STD became a priority due to the HIV epidemy and, in developing countries, they constitute one of the main causes for people searching health care assistance. The laboratory diagnosis of STD is based on microscopic exam of cells and cervicovaginal discharge, such as the Papanicolaou, serological and microbiological investigations. On the other hand, genomic science is revealing the genetic identity of several human pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, STD infections can be detected by molecular diagnostic tests with the use of DNA probes with high similarity to conserved genomic sequences of the pathogenic targets. With the knowledge of the genomes, it is possible to develop very efficient diagnostic methods. However, as well as the hybrid capture for the detection of HPV, a dilemma has to be faced by the developing countries, that is costs. We believe that the best way to overcome this difficulty is to invest in our own research and biotechnology projects. Thus, our countries can self-sustain the production of their own medicines and diagnostic technologies.

Key words
STD, molecular diagnosis, HPV, Papanicolaou.

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Infectología
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Dermatología, Epidemiología, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Urología



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Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Agradecemos ao suporte financeiro da Universidade Católica de Brasília, e ao apoio técnico dos profissionais do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, HRAN-DF.
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